Images, Sound and Video

1
Images, Sound and Video

• Images
• Sound
• Video
• Embedded Objects

2
Image Files

• Kinds
• Uses for Webpage Design
• Other Graphic Files
• Methods for editing graphic files

3
Image/ Graphic FIles

• .gif (gif files)
• .jpeg, .jpg (JPEG Files)

4
Uses for Webpages Design (I)

• to insert Images in HTML
• ltIMG SRChappy.gifgt
• ltIMG SRC"monster2.jpg"gt

5
Uses for Webpages Design (II)

• with alignment
• ltIMG ALIGNtop SRC"happy.gif"gt
• ltIMG alignbottom SRC"monster2.jpg"gt
• ltIMG alignmiddle SRC"monster2.jpg"gt
• controlling size
• ltIMG SRC"happy.gif" border"1" width"90"
  height"90" alignrightgt

6
Uses for Webpages Design (III)

• establishing a link
• ltA HREF"method2.htm"gtltIMG SRC"monster2.jpg"gtThis
  is a linklt/Agt
• used as background
• ltbody backgroundtiles.jpggt

7
Other Graphic Files

• .tiff, .tif (scanning images)
• .bmp (window wall paper/ bitmap)
• .pict (Mac bitmap)
• conversion is needed for all these files

8
Methods for Editing Graphic Files

• Adobe Illustrator
• Macromedia Freehand
• CorelDraw8
• Photoshop4.0 or above
• Paintshop

9
Photoshop (some editing techniques)

• Crop
• Using the crop icon
• Color (Image Adjustments)
• Color balance
• Replace color
• Filter (various filtering effects)
• Lighting (Filter Render Lighting Effects)

10
Sound Files

• Kinds
• Uses for Webpage Design
• Nature of Wave Files
• Equipment needed
• Media Player
• Sound Blaster AWE
• Nature of MIDI
• RealAudio Plugin

11
Kinds of Sound Files

• .au (AU format)
• .aiff, aif (AIFF and AIFC are Mac format)
• .wav (Wave for windows)
• .mp2 (Mpeg audio)

12
Uses for Webpage Design

• Method 1 Using a link and anchor (method1.html)
• Method 2 embedded file (method2.html)
• Method 3 link with an image (method3.html)

13
Nature of Wave Files

• Wave audio stores audio data to construct a wave
  form to produce a given sound.
• Computer stores any sound from the microphone
• Wave file is always large in size
• Wave size can be controlled by setting the Bit
  sample, Frequency and Channel

14
Sampling

• a process of encoding analog sound into a digital
  format
• Sample rate number of samples taken per second
• usually measured in kilohertz (kHz)
• sample rates in use (11kHz, 22kHz and 44kHz).

15
Sound Cards and Sampling

• Sound cards in PC can give audio capabilities
  from 8-bit mono at 11 or 22kHz to 32-bit 44kHz
  stereo
• Sample size represents sample resolution (8-bit
  and 16-bit). 16-bit gives finer details.
• Quality of the recorded signal depends on both
  the sampling rate and number of values available
  for coding, resolution

16
Sampling Rate and Wave Tables

• e.g. 4-bit resolution 16 values
• 8-bits 256 values
• 4-bit noticeable differences from the analog
  original
• 8-bits are quite acceptable
• Channel is Stereo (x2), sample size is 16 bits
  (x2) and sample rate is 22kHz
• File size2222k 88k bytes/ second

17
Equipment and Device needed

• Microphone mono or stereo channel
• Auxiliary Line-in
• CD Audio
• Sound Recorder and Media Player located in
  Windows Accessories group

18
Media Player

• To play a wave file, choose
• File ? Open
• Select the wave file name and press OK. All wave
  files end with .wav
• Click the Play button to listen to the wave
  studio
• To record your own voice,
• Press the Record button
• Start recording through the microphone
• Press the Stop button to stop recording

19
Sound Recording

• recording for about 1 min of wave at a time
  (depending on the amount of free memory available
  in your computer)
• sound recorder samples the input audio at a rate
  of 11kHz (c.f. CD sounds 44.1kHz)
• save your audio to a wave file by File ? Save

20
Editing Record Wave

• In the Edit menu, Choose edit, Insert File to
  insert another wave file at the current position
• Choose Edit, Mix File with to blend another wave
  file at the current position
• Choose Edit, Delete Before/After Current Position
  to remove part of the wave
• Adding effects Click Effects menu to add special
  effects to your recording

21
Sound Blaster AWE

• Advanced WavEffects Synthesis
• AWE Control is designed to act as a control panel
  for use with the Sound Blaster AWE32/64. It
  allows you to have full control of your MIDI
  playback by allowing you to control the channel
  output directly. The AWE control consists of the
  AWE Control Panel.

22
Creative Multimedia Decks

• Creative Multimedia Decks is a collection of
  players that allows you to independently or
  concurrently control multimedia devices such as
  your CD-ROM drive and MIDI device. It consists
  of Creative Remote and other players such as
  Creative CD, Creative Wave, and Creative MIDI.

23
Functions of Creative Wave

• advanced features include
• OLE Automation support
• Plug and Play support
• power management support
• a "touch-sensitive" display
• multiple display forms
• fine control of a track's playing position
• Introduction Mode, Repeat Playlist Mode, Repeat
  Track Mode and Shuffle Mode for playback
• playlist compilation of different wave files
• fast track selection
• direct volume control for multiple sound cards

24
Sound Card Requirements

• High quality sound cards a sampling rate of 16
  bits/ channel, a resolution of 44.1 kHz
• signal is scanned 44,100 times per second
• capacity to generate artificial or synthesized
  sounds, including Frequency Modulation
  Synthesizer
• Wave Table memory available for samples (normally
  between 512K and 4M) either ROM only or with
  additional RAM into which further sounds can be
  loaded.

25
Creative MIDI

• some advanced features include
• OLE Automation support
• Plug and Play support
• power management support
• a "touch-sensitive" display
• multiple display forms
• fine control of a track's playing position
• Introduction Mode, Repeat Playlist Mode, Repeat
  Track Mode and Shuffle Mode for playback
• playlist compilation of different MIDI files
• fast track selection
• direct volume control for multiple sound cards

26
Nature of MIDI

• Musical Instrument Device Interface is an
  international hardware and software standard. It
  specifies the hardware interface that allows you
  to connect electronic musical devices and
  computers from different manufacturers. It also
  specifies a communication protocol for passing
  data from one device to another.

27
MIDI files (I)

• .MID
• small compared to digital audio files
• editing MIDI editor known as MIDI sequencer
  (e.g. Orchestrator plus)
• Use of FM Synthesis which mimics instruments,
  drums, and special effects

28
MIDI Files (II)

• FM synthesis techniques use one periodic signal
  to modulate the frequency of another signal
• cf. Wavetable synthesis uses recorded sound
  samples to create sounds. Digital sampling
  systems store high quality samples digitally.
  Richer than FM synthesis sound

29
Other softwares/ devices

• Creative Soundo LE to control wave files
• Creative Mixer to combine and manipulate sound
  wave
• RealAudio (plug-in)
• 14.4 format (monophonic AM quality sound
• 28.8 format monophonic near-FM quality
• http//www.realplayer.com RealplayerG2

30
Video Files (Animation)

• Kinds
• Uses for Webpage Design (animation)
• Recording Video Files
• MPEG

31
Kinds of Audio Files

• .avi (video files for windows and Apples quick
  time)
• .mov (movie files, with sounds)
• .mpeg, .mpg (compressed video files in MPEG
  format usually without sound tracks)

32
Uses for Webpage Design

• An example of embedding clips is method4.html
• Notes Clips are source material for a movie, or
  an audio file, or any still images. These clips
  can be
• digitial video captured from cameras or VCR
• video for windows or QuickTime movies made by
  other parties
• scanned images or slides

33
Recording Video Files

• To record audio, a sound board should be
  installed. To record video, a video capture board
  is attached to the PC.
• Adobe Premiere is a software to record and
  capture audio and video both within, and you can
  edit the clips to produce a movie
• To record video, you need a video source such as
  a VCR, camcorder or laserdisc and a video
  digitizing board or a video capturing card.
• The best video capture card should be able to
  capture full-motion (in 20 frames per second)
  digital video into computer storage for playback
  and editing.

34
MPEG

• Moving Picture Experts Group a standards
  committee interested primarily in compression for
  digital video.
• video usually includes an audio track that can
  also be compressed.

35
MPEG1

• MPEG-1 offers major advantages over other video
  compression/decompression formats (codes). MPEG-1
  delivers higher compression performance than
  other codes, reducing the file size by ratios of
  up to 2001. Most importantly, MPEG-1 offers
  superior picture image quality compared to other
  compression formats.

36
Editing MPEG

• NET TOOB Stream is a self-installing enhanced
  plug-in for most Browsers.
• iFilmEdit is a simple, very affordable, easy to
  use, fast performing MPEG-1 editing suite.

37
Resources for MPEG editing

• http//www.bitcasting.com/ifilmedit.html
• http//duplexx.com/index.html
• http//www.visiblelight.com/mpeg/

38
Embedded Objects

• An embedded object is a media file, document,
  program, or any other thing that can be played,
  displayed, executed, or interacted with inline on
  a web page.

39
Kinds of Embedded Objects (I)

• 1. Plug-ins (on the brower) Programs that allow
  embedded objects to be played or viewed inline as
  opposed to downloaded and played or viewed
  externally to the browser.

40
Kinds of Embedded Objects (II)

• Adobe Acrobat Viewing PDF (Portable Document
  format) files (e.g. Pagemaker, QuarkExpress)
• A page with all its layout and fonts intact on
  multiple platforms
• http//www.adobe.com/Acrobat/overview.html

41
Kinds of Embedded Objects (III)

• Shockwave Macromedias Shockwave for playing
  other files (Authorware a4d files, Director dcr
  files, Freehand fh8 files)
• Shockwave and Flash
• http//www.macromedia.com

42
Kinds of Embedded Objects (III)

• RealAudio
• in the past, it was designed for playing audio
  format files on slow modem connection.
• allowed audio files to be streamed, that is, to
  play as they are being downloaded
• creating and distributing real audio files
• http//www.realaudio.com/

43
Kinds of Embedded Objects (IV)

• VRML Plug-ins Virtual Reality Modeling Language
  - 3D space
• VRML browser or a plug-in for Netscape
• Netscape Live3D http//home.netscape.com/comprod/p
  roducts/navigator/live3d/index.html
• WIRL Virtual Reality Browser from Vream (full
  browser)
• http//www.vream.com

44
Other Embedded Objects

• Other Mutimedia plugins
• Netscape/ IE - plugins for .wav, midi and au
  files
• Windows95/98, NT - .avi (video files)
• CoolFusion - avi files (http//www.iterated.com/co
  olfusn/
• MovieStar - streamable QuickTime Movies mov files
  (http//www.beingthere.com)

45
Other Embedded Objects

• Crescendo by LiveUpdate - streamable midi
  (http//www.liveupdate.com/cplus.html
• Action by Open2U - MPEG files (www.open2u.com/acti
  on/action.html)

46
Methods for playing embedded objects

• ltEmbed srcmovie.mov Width120 height180)
• ltEmbed srcsound1.wav Width120 height180)
• ltEmbed srcbeep.au Width120 height180)
• (see method1.htm, method2.htm, method3.htm,
  method4.htm)