Another positive learning experience at Camp Haskell!

1
The Two Revolutions In Russia

• (1917-1939)
• Another positive learning experience at Camp
  Haskell!

2
Revolution in Russia

• As he watched the Bolsheviks celebrate their
  victory in November 1917, N.N. Sukhanov was both
  excited and nervous. In just a few months these
  radical revolutionaries had seized power in
  Russia. Their leader (Lenin) and his comrades
  rose before a cheering crowd, savoring their
  triumph. The mass of delegates, recalled
  Sukhanov, were permeated by the faith that all
  would go well in the future too.
• Sukhanov was not so sure. Like many Russians he
  dreamed of the Czars removal from power and the
  government would make much needed changes. Like
  the Bolsheviks , he, too was a Socialist. But he
  feared these determined revolutionaries.
• Applause, hurrahs, caps flung up in the air But
  I didnt believe in the success, in the
  rightness, or in the historic mission of a
  Bolshevik regime. Sitting in the back seats, I
  watched this celebration with a heavy heart. How
  I long ed to join in and merge with this mass and
  with its leaders in a single feeling! But I
  couldnt.

3
Continued

• Time would later justify Sukhanovs worst fears.
  In 1931, he himself would be arrested by the new
  governments secret police, to vanish like
  millions of others into a brutal forced labor
  camp (Gulag Work Camps). The revolution that many
  Russians had welcomed in 1917 would have costs
  that they never anticipated.
• The revolution would be one of the most
  significant movements in the 20th century. Lenin
  was determined to create a new society and
  implement the ideas of Karl Marx. Certain that
  capitalism was destined to fall, they harbored
  ambitions to spread communism around the world.
• The world wide revolution that Marx predicted
  never took place. But Lenin did transform czarist
  Russia into the communist Soviet Union. For
  almost 75 years a state run economy would serve
  as a model for revolutionaries from China to
  Cuba.

4
Standards

• 10.5 Students analyze the causes and course of
  the First World War. 1. Analyze the arguments
  for entering into war presented by leaders from
  all sides of the Great War and the role of
  political and economic rivalries, ethnic and
  ideological conflicts, domestic discontent and
  disorder, and propaganda and nationalism in
  mobilizing the civilian population in support of
  "total war."
• 2. Examine the principal theaters of battle,
  major turning points, and the importance of
  geographic factors in military decisions and
  outcomes (e.g., topography, waterways, distance,
  climate).
• 3. Explain how the Russian Revolution and the
  entry of the United States affected the course
  and outcome of the war.
• 4. Understand the nature of the war and its
  human costs (military and civilian) on all sides
  of the conflict, including how colonial peoples
  contributed to the war effort.
• 5. Discuss human rights violations and genocide,
  including the Ottoman government's actions
  against Armenian citizens.

5
Standards Continued

• 10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian
  governments after World War I.
• 1. Understand the causes and consequences of the
  Russian Revolution, including Lenin's use of
  totalitarian means to seize and maintain control
  (e.g., the Gulag).
• 2. Trace Stalin's rise to power in the Soviet
  Union and the connection between economic
  policies, political policies, the absence of a
  free press, and systematic violations of human
  rights (e.g., the Terror Famine in Ukraine).
• 3. Analyze the rise, aggression, and human costs
  of totalitarian regimes (Fascist and Communist)
  in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union, noting
  especially their common and dissimilar traits.

6
The March Revolution
7
The March Revolution

• In 1917, Russia was in trouble. More than one
  million soldiers had died in WWI. There was not
  enough food and citizens were starving. Many
  people blamed Czar Nicholas II for the problems.
  A strike of workers began a revolution in March.
  A new government seized power and promised to be
  democratic. However, this government decided to
  continue the war against Germany. This decision
  drained more men, food and money.

Czar Nicholas II
8
Causes Of The March Revolution

• Heavy casualties in WWI
• Food shortages
• Military defeats
• Power-hungry rulers

The Streets of Petrograd during the Russian
Revolution
9
Goals of the March Revolution

• To overthrow the czar
• To set up new Russian Republic

The Russian Revolution in 1917 first abolished
the Empire of the Tsar and later "the provisional
government", striving sporadically for a
democratic form of government.
10
The Consequences Of the March Revolution

• The end of czarist rule
• Beginnings of a Constitution
• Russia continues war against Germany

11
The November Revolution
12
The November Revolution

• Vladimir Lenin, an enemy of the czar, returned to
  Russia in April from exile in Switzerland. He and
  his followers, the Bolsheviks, started a second
  revolution. Lenin called for a classless society
  based on the socialist teachings of Karl Marx. He
  and his Bolsheviks promised Peace, Land, and
  Bread and won control of the government in
  November 1917. They set up councils, called
  soviets, to govern the nation. Lenin made peace
  with Germany, but for the next 3 years faced
  unrest in Russia.

Germany saw a chance to weaken its enemy by
helping Lenin return home to Russia in a sealed
train.
13
Civil War In November Revolution

• Russians had expected a democracy. But they found
  that the Bolsheviks, now called Communists, ran
  the soviets. A civil war erupted when rebel
  forces fought against Lenins Red Army. By 1921,
  the Communists had defeated the rebels.

Lenin Inspecting his troops
14
Causes Of The November Revolution

• Continued loss of life in WWI.
• Continued food shortages.
• Continued military defeats.
• Return of Lenin from Switzerland

15
The Goals Of The November Revolution

• Bolshevik overthrow of the government.
• Ideals of Karl Marx applied to Russian Government

16
The Consequences Of The November Revolution

• Bolsheviks gain control of the government
• An end to private ownership of land
• Peace with Germany
• An outbreak of a civil war