Chapter 18 sec 3

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Chapter 18 sec 3
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Fascist Dictatorships

• In Italy Germany and Russia was taken over by
  Totalitarism- a form of dictatorship. The
  individual was viewed as a servant of the state
  and was allowed few personal freedoms.These
  Totalitarian gov. set forth WWII.
• In Italy the people became dissatisfied with the
  gov.,veterans could not find work. Benito
  Mussolini rose to power.he was active in the
  socialist politics, but changed to the
  nationalist. He formed a new political party
  1919 Fascist party. Fascism advocates the
  glorification of the state with a strong leader.
  It gave the state absolute authority it defended
  private property.

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Mussolini

• Italian money (Lira) kept declining. Food prices
  rose and their was a shortage of coal. Mussolini
  supported strikers in lombardy and the strikers
  took over factories. Peasants took land from the
  wealthy, tenant farmers refused to pay rent.
  Mussolini promised to protect private land,
  promised full employment and work benefits.
  Mussolini and his blackshirts attacked political
  opponents in the streets. The gov. did not stop
  him. He also in Oct. 1922staged a march on Rome.
  The gov. thought he was coming to seize power The
  cabinet asked the King Victor Emmanuel III to
  call out the troops he said no, and made
  Mussolini Prime Minister.

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Mussolini meets the King
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Victor Emmanuel III
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Mussolini the Dictator

• In the 1924 elections he and the blackshirts
  forced people to vote for the Fascists and won a
  majority of seats in parliament.After the
  election Mussolini called himself Il Duce The
  Leader. Mussolini est. a corporate
  state-representation by industrial corporations,
  not political parties. Non fascist parties were
  banned and syndicates were formed- corporations
  of workers and and employees. Each syndicates
  sent rep. To Rome. Fascists arrested murdered any
  who opposed the new Gov. Mussolini obtained a
  following of loyal followers. He wanted to
  recapture an create the Roman empire again.

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Weimar Republic

• The Germans went to the polls and elected
  delegates to form a national assembly. In Weimar
  drafted a constitution est. a demo. State.The new
  gov was called the Weimar Republic. In 1920 the
  nationalist tried to overthrow the gov. The
  people were against the gov. accepting the treaty
  of Versailles. Germany was still being forced to
  pay reparation payments (35 billion)French troops
  marched into Germanies Ruhr valley (industrial
  center). German workers went on strike income
  from the area went to the French.

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Weimar Republic

• The German Gov. was overwhelmed with Inflation.
  Before the war 4 marks equaled 1 American Dollar.
  Inflation in 1923 made the 4 trillion marks equal
  to 1 American dollar. France finally decided to
  leave Germany and Germany began to have some
  years of prosperity but the seeds of Discontent
  had been sown.
• Adolf Hitler- he was apart of the Nazi party
  right after WWI. He formed the brown shirtshis
  private army.Hilter tried to get the people to
  revolt with his brown shirts by jumping on a
  table at a Beer hall yelling The revolution has
  begun. Hilter went to prison where he wrote Mein
  Kampf (My Struggle). In his book he blamed the
  jews and he declared that the Germans were a
  master race.When he was released he appealed to
  workers making promises of jobs and a military.
  The Nazis won many seat in the Reichstag. Hitler
  was later elected Chancellor.

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Hilter

• Hilter wanted to hold another vote but the
  building caught fire and Hitler blamed it on the
  communist. Hitler was given emergency powers to
  deal with the Communist threat. All political
  parties were banned except the Nazi party.Labor
  unions were taken over, and controled production
  and wages.
• The jews were attacked1935 the Nuremberg laws
  stripped the jews of citizenship and right to
  hold officeand it barred jews from school. In the
  Kristallnacht November 9 and 10 1938 Nazi members
  vandalized jewish homes bussinesses. Hitlers
  Gestapo arrested and shot the jews.. Hitler even
  had members of his own Brown shirts murdered
  The night of long Knives.

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The third Reich

• Hitler became Fuhrer the leader.he called his
  gov. the third reich or third empire. He set out
  est. the militaryand he ignored the treaty of
  versailles.He made plans to rebuild Berlin. Many
  fled the country sigmund Freud and Albert
  Einstein. Hitler set up organizations for young
  people for the ages of 6 to 18. These groups
  aimed at molding the youth.

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