HSPF and the CBP Community Watershed Model

1
HSPF and the CBPCommunity Watershed Model
2
Topics

• WSM Structure
• Input Data
• Calibration
• Management Scenarios

3
Topics

• WSM Structure
• Input Data
• Calibration
• Management Scenarios

4
CBP Modeling Structure
Regional Acid Deposition Model
Watershed Model
Hydrodynamic Model
Chesapeake Bay Estuary Model Package
5
Requirements for WSM

• Daily flow, nutrient, and sediment load
• Responsive to
• Nutrient input to streams
• Nutrient input to land
• Atmospheric Deposition loads
• BMPs
• Simulate areas with no gauge data

6
HSPF

• Hourly time step
• Heavily parameterized (sensitive to many inputs)
• Open Source, Free
• Supported by USGS and EPA
• Recommended for TMDLs

7
Watershed Model byMajor Basin
8
P4 PotomacSegmentation
9
P4 PotomacSegmentation
Simulated with HSPF
10
Loading Sources in Watershed Model
Pasture
Hay
Cons. Till
Conv. Till
Manure
RIVER REACH
Imp Urb
Perv Urb
Forest
Mixed
Point Source
Septic
11
Loading Sources in Watershed Model
Conv. Till
12
Crop Simulation
Meteorology
Precipitation
Land Morphology
Runoff and Groundwater
Nitrogen Cycle
Sediment Export
Phosphorus Cycle
Nutrient Inputs
13
Crop Simulation
Water
Sediment
PQUAL
AGCHEM
14
Water simulation
Surface
Interflow

Lower Zone
Ground Water
15
Water Simulation(each layer)
Precipitation or percolation
Evapotranspiration
(time series)
f(time series, land properties)
RO
f(soil properties, slope, temp)
Percolation
f(soil properties, slope, temp)
16
Water Parameterization
PWAT-PARM2 FOREST LZSN
INFILT LSUR SLSUR KVARY AGWR
231 0.000 5.500 0.0900 250.
0.05000 0.120 0.935 232 0.000
4.550 0.0300 300. 0.04000 0.100
0.916 233 0.000 4.550
0.0300 300. 0.04000 0.100 0.916
234 0.000 6.500 0.0200 300.
0.06000 0.100 0.917 235 0.000
3.150 0.0200 300. 0.05000 0.100
0.917 236 0.000 6.500
0.0200 300. 0.05000 0.100 0.917
END PWAT-PARM2 PWAT-PARM4 PWAT-PARM1
MON-INTERCEP MON-UZSN MON-MANNING
MON-LZETPARM PWAT-STATE1
17
Sediment Simulation
Detached Sediment
f(time)
f(rain intensity)
Soil Matrix (unlimited)
18
Crop Simulation
Water
Sediment
PQUAL
PQUAL
AGCHEM
19
PQUAL simulation
Surface Sediment
x Monthly Factor
Interflow Water
x Monthly Factor
Ground Water
x Monthly Factor
20
Crop Simulation
Water
Sediment
PQUAL
AGCHEM
AGCHEM
21
AGCHEM simulation
Surface
Interflow

Lower Zone
Ground Water
22
AGCHEM simulation
23
Nitrogen Cycle in Watershed Model Forest
Trees
Denitrification
Roots
Leaves
Nitrate
Atmospheric Deposition
Particulate
Particulate
Solution
Refractory
Labile
Ammonia
Organic N
Organic N
Solution
Solution
Adsorbed
Labile
Refractory
Ammonia
Organic N
Organic N
24
List of nitrogen simulation tables
NIT-FLAGS NIT-AD-FLAGS SOIL-DATA2
CROP-DATES NIT-YIELD MON-NUPT-FR1
MON-NUPT-FR2 SOIL-DATA MON-NITUPT
NIT-AMVOLAT NIT-FSTGEN NIT-FSTPM NIT-CMAX
NIT-UPIMCSAT MON-NITUPNI MON-NITUPAM
MON-NITIMNI MON-NITIMAM MON-NITAGUTF
NIT-ORGPM MON-NPRETBG MON-NPRETFBG
MON-NPRETAG MON-NPRETLI NIT-SVALPM
NIT-STOR1 NIT-STOR2
25
Loading Sources in Watershed Model
Pasture
Hay
Cons. Till
Conv. Till
Manure
RIVER REACH
Imp Urb
Perv Urb
Forest
Mixed
Point Source
Septic
26
River Sediment Simulation
in Phase IV Watershed Model
Suspended Sediment
Bed Storage (unlimited)
27
N River Simulation
NO3

Algae
NH3
ORGN
Sediment
28
Topics

• WSM Structure
• Input Data
• Calibration
• Management Scenarios

29
Input types

• Manure
• Fertilizer
• Land Use
• Atmospheric Deposition
• Point Source and septic
• Meteorology and Precipitation

30
Input types

• Manure
• Fertilizer
• Land Use
• Atmospheric Deposition
• Point Source and septic
• Meteorology and Precipitation

31
Manure Calculations
Animals per AU
Animals
Animal-Produced Nutients
Manure per AU
32
Manure Data
Uncollected
Pasture Application
Beef
Dairy
Collected
Swine
Layers
Broilers
Turkeys
Unstored
Monthly App
Total Monthly Crop App
Manure Acre Calculation (no loss)
Losses

Distribution
Stored
Monthly App
33
Input to model
PERLND232 DY 11984 1 3 12 6 3 HIMORN
0.3734
In Special Actions Block
34
Input types

• Manure
• Fertilizer
• Land Use
• Atmospheric Deposition
• Point Source and septic
• Meteorology and Precipitation

35
Fertilizer

• Use state estimates of fertilizer use by crop
  type
• changed only for nutrient management

36
Nutrient Management Calculation

• Applied separately for each
• Land Use
• Segment
• Nutrient
• Inorganic Calculation Only

37
Find Nutrient Management
Fertilizer
30 Crop Need
Manure
Crop Need
AtDep
Mineral
38
Find Nutrient Management
Fertilizer
30 Crop Need
Manure
Crop Need
AtDep
Mineral
39
What if? Excess Manure
Fertilizer
Manure
30 Crop Need
Crop Need
AtDep
Mineral
40
What if? Excess Manure
Manure
30 Crop Need
Crop Need
AtDep
Mineral
41
What if? Excess Manure
Manure
Move
30 Crop Need
Crop Need
AtDep
Mineral
42
Input to model
PERLND236 DY 11984 6 15 4 3 NH419
2 13.5000 YR 1 14
In Special Actions Block
43
Input types

• Manure
• Fertilizer
• Land Use
• Atmospheric Deposition
• Point Source and septic
• Meteorology and Precipitation

44
Land Use

Forest Impervious Urban Pervious Urban Herbaceous

EMAP GIRAS

Land Use Data Base
Crop Hay Pasture Open
Agricultural Census, CTIC
Population Estimations, Projections
Sources
Outputs
45
Land Use
SCHEMATIC lt-Source-gt lt--Area--gt
lt-Target-gt ltML-gt ltNamegt
lt-factor-gt ltNamegt PERLND
231 477148. RCHRES 230
231 PERLND 232 32286.
RCHRES 230 232 PERLND 233
44023. RCHRES 230 233 PERLND 234
221378. RCHRES 230 234 PERLND
235 147875. RCHRES 230
235 PERLND 236 89273.
RCHRES 230 236 IMPLND 234
107.73 RCHRES 230 237 IMPLND 235
7388. RCHRES 230 238 END
SCHEMATIC
46
Input types

• Manure
• Fertilizer
• Land Use
• Atmospheric Deposition
• Point Source and septic
• Meteorology and Precipitation

47
Atmospheric Deposition

• Calculated by regression of selected NADP data
• Change in Deposition proportional to change in
  RADM model output.

48
Air Deposition Model

• Changes deposition to the watershed

49
Atmospheric Deposition

Data Sources Management Models
WDM
UCI
Simulation
50
Atmospheric Deposition
EXT SOURCES lt-Volume-gt ltMembergt
SsysSgaplt--Mult--gtTran lt-Target volsgt lt-Grpgt
lt-Member-gt ltNamegt ltNamegt tem
strglt-factor-gtstrg ltNamegt ltNamegt
WDM 3230 NO23 ENGLZERO DIV
RCHRES 230 EXTNL NUADFX 1 1 WDM 5230 NH4X
ENGLZERO DIV RCHRES 230 EXTNL
NUADFX 2 1 WDM 9231 NO3D ENGLZERO
DIV RCHRES 230 EXTNL NUADFX 1 1 WDM 8232
ORNX ENGLZERO DIV RCHRES 230
EXTNL PLADFX 1 1 WDM 8234 ORPX ENGLZERO
DIV RCHRES 230 EXTNL PLADFX 2 1 WDM
8233 PO4A ENGLZERO DIV RCHRES 230
EXTNL NUADFX 3 1 END EXT SOURCES
51
Topics

• WSM Structure
• Input Data
• Calibration
• Management Scenarios

52
Calibration priorities

• Nutrient exports from land uses agree with
  literature values
• Processes occur at reasonable rates
• Simulation matches observations at pour point of
  the watershed

53
Major Steps in Calibration

• Full review of literature and other model
  applications
• Develop calibration rules
• Calibrate edge-of-stream
• Calibrate Reach

54
(No Transcript)
55
(No Transcript)
56
(No Transcript)
57
Conventional Tillage Total Nitrogen
Export lb/ac/year
applications lb/ac/year
58
River Calibration

• Compare model output with monitored data
• 15 sites
• 11 variables
• 12 sas-generated plots

59
(No Transcript)
60
(No Transcript)
61
Community Model

• Already calibrated
• Not a tool for calibration
• CWM could be modified for calibration
• Community can suggest global improvements

62
Topics

• WSM Structure
• Input Data
• Calibration
• Management Scenarios

63
Testing Management

• Remove the effect of hydrology and climate
• Simulate 10 years 1985-1994 using 1985 land use,
  point sources, and land management
• Simulate the same 10 years using a test land use,
  point sources, and land management

64
BMP Simulation
Input Data
River Simulation
Land Simulation
Output
65
BMP application
MASS-LINK forest MASS-LINK
231 ltSrcegt lt-Grpgt lt-Member-gtlt--Mult--gt
ltTarggt lt-Grpgt lt-Member-gt ltNamegt
ltNamegt ltNamegt lt-factor-gt ltNamegt
ltNamegt ltNamegt PERLND PWATER PERO
0.0833333 RCHRES INFLOW IVOL
In MASS-LINKS
66
Management available in the watershed model

• Atmospheric Deposition
• Land Use
• Nutrient Application
• Structural BMPs
• Point Source
• Septic

67
GlobalManagement Actions

• Atmospheric Deposition Changes
• Land use change
• Point Source and Septic

68
Management Actions - Ag

• Nutrient Management
• Adjustment of Animals Populations
• Structural Changes
• Manure Storage facilities
• Runoff Management Practices
• Streambank Fencing
• Farming Practices

69
Management Actions - Urban

• Point Source and Septic
• Nutrient Management
• Erosion and Sediment Control