The American Revolution

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The American Revolution 1775-1783
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Loyalist vs. Patriot Land Claims
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On the Eve of the Revolution ?
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Which country would a Loyalist support?

• Great Britain
• America

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Military Strategies
The Americans
The British

• Make them use their supplies because England was
  far away.
• Guerilla tactics hit em hard run. You dont
  have to win a battle, just wear the British down
• Make an alliance with one of Britains enemies.
  (France)

• Break the colonies in half by getting between the
  North South
• Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods
  and supplies from an ally.
• Divide and Conquer the colonists Patriots vs.
  Loyalists

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Which country had the economic advantage?

• Great Britain
• America

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Which country had the military advantage?

• Great Britain
• America

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Which country had the geographic advantage?

• Great Britain
• America

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Which country had greater support from allies?

• Great Britain
• America

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April, 1775
British troops are ordered to destroy colonists
weapons in Concord, MA
British General Thomas Gage
Two lanterns are hung in the Old North Church to
signal colonists that the British were coming by
sea.
Paul Revere William Dawes ride throughout
Lexington telling colonists to get their guns
defend their homes!
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April, 1775
70 armed militiamen faced 700 Redcoats. There
was a shot from which side? It was later known
as The shot heard around the world.
8 Americans died. The British head to Concord,
MA and destroyed the weapons.
Farmers (minutemen) take up arms attack the
British on their way to Boston, killing 250.

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Why did the British go to Concord?

• To kill Patriots
• Destroy weapons
• Take hostages

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Who are Minutemen?

• British soldiers
• American soldiers
• Farmers

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MAY, 1775
Americans capture Fort Ticonderoga in NY and take
their cannons head to Boston where Washington
awaits.
Benedict Arnold
Ethan Allen
Continental Congress meets and names Washington
commander of the army.
First major battle of the war occurs at Bunker
(Breeds) Hill in Boston. The Americans held off
the British 3 times. Even though they retreated,
they felt more confident because the British lost
1,000 vs. 400 Americans.
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What did the Americans gain from Ft. Ticonderoga?

• Army men
• Food supplies
• Cannons
• Winter coats

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Washingtons Headaches

• Only 1/3 of the colonists were in favor of a war
  for independence the other third were Loyalists,
  and the final third were neutral.
• Colony vs. country loyalties.
• Congress couldnt tax to raise money for the
  Continental Army.
• Poor training until the arrival of Baron von
  Steuben.

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July, 1775
Continental Congress sends King George III an
Olive Branch petition to end the war. He refuses
to look at it.
King George III
April, 1776
Congress declares that Britain cant trade
through any American ports.
France gives Americans a million dollars for
weapons. Their countrymen would later turn on
them for helping finance this war.
Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette
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Which country sent the Americans 1 million
dollars?

• England
• Spain
• Russia
• France

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July 4, 1776
United States officially declares independence
from England.
August, 1776
Washington is trapped in Long Island, NY and is
close to surrender, but he escapes by crossing
the Delaware.
September, 1776
British Gen. Howe demand that the Americans take
back the Dec. of Independence. Yeah, right!
Gen. William Howe
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When was the Declaration of Independence signed?

• July 4, 1876
• July 4, 1976
• July 4, 1776

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December 25-26, 1776
Washington re-crosses the Delaware River and
surprises German mercenaries, Hessians, at
Trenton, NJ. They all surrender within an hour!
January, 1777
Washingtons troops endure harsh winter
shrinks to 1,000 because of runaways ending
enlistments.
June, 1777
Congress orders the flag of the U.S., consisting
of 13 stars 13 stripes.
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Who were Hessians?

• American troops
• British troops
• German troops fighting for the British
• German troops fighting for the Americans

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What are mercenaries?

• Peacemakers
• High ranking military officers
• Hired troops

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September, 1777
British Gen. Howe captures capital city of
Philadelphia. Congress moves to York, PA
October, 1777
Battle of Saratoga is first major American
victory. This will convince French to help even
more save the war!
November, 1777
Congress adopts the Articles of Confederation as
the new laws of the U.S.
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Who surrendered at Trenton?

• Americans
• Hessians
• British

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December, 1777
Washington s troops endure harshest winter ever
at Valley Forge, PA. He tells his wife he wants
to resign.
February, 1778
America France sign a Treaty of Alliance, where
they vow to help each other fight the British.
The U.S. will go back on this
TREATY
May, 1778
British convince American Indians to attack
western settlers.
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What is the name of the treaty that France
America sign vowing to help each other during
wars?

• Good Will Pact
• Friends Forever Treaty
• Treaty of Alliance

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July, 1778
Congress returns to capital city, Philadelphia, PA
July, 1778
France declares war against England. Now who
should England focus on fighting?
August, 1780
Benedict Arnold gets command of West Point, but
is betraying U.S. forces by giving the British
secrets.
Benedict Arnold
September, 1780
A civilian confesses that Arnold is a traitor.
The British make him a general.
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Who betrays the Americans by giving the British
secrets?

• Ben Franklin
• Crispus Attucks
• Benedict Arnold
• George Washington

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September, 1781
The French navy fleet controls the Chesapeake Bay
at Yorktown, VA. The British cant get supplies
or troops in.
October, 1781
General Cornwallis surrenders to Washington at
Yorktown.
April, 1783
Congress declares end to the Revolutionary War
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Which country sent their navy to block Chesapeake
Bay from the British?

• England
• France
• Spain
• Canada

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Which general surrendered at Yorktown?

• Washington
• Cornwallis
• Arnold
• Von Steuben

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Who won the Revolutionary War?

• America
• England
• France

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Treaty of Paris September 3, 1783
NEW LANDS GAINED BY THE U.S.
1. Lands WEST to the Mississippi River
2. Lands NORTH to the Great Lakes
3. Lands SOUTH to the North tip of FLORIDA
(Spain controlled Florida)