CID Disability

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CID Disability Inclusive Development Workshop

• Kirsty Thompson (CBM Australia)
• Robert Choy (CBM New Zealand)
• kthompson_at_cbm.org.au rchoy_at_cbmi.org.nz

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Objective of session

• Participants will have an understanding of key
  elements of disability inclusive development
  practice and can articulate plans on how to
  relate this to their organisation and role.
• Partnerships
• Program cycle
• Conversations with partners, etc.
• Ultimately to get you to ask the question to
  start to take some (more) action for inclusion

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Outline of session
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INTRODUCTION

• Who are you?
• What do you want to get from this?
• What is your previous experience in disability?

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Courtesy of WHO
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Photos cbm SEAPRO
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So what is the situation for people with a
disability in developing countries?
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More than 650 million, or 10 of the worlds
population have a disability. 20 of
population are effected when families are taken
into account (ADB, 2002)
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Care-giving falls disproportionately on women and
girls, resulting in even fewer opportunities for
them to gain employment or complete schooling.
(S.Miles, 1999)
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Only 1-2 of persons with disabilities in
developing countries receive an
education (UNESCO, 1998)
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• Only 1-2 of people with a disability in low
  income communities receive the rehabilitative
  services they need
• (May- Teerink, World Bank, 1999).

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Almost half of the children who go blind will die
within two years of losing their sight (CBMI,
2006)
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As many as 20 million women per year suffer
disability long term complications as a result
of pregnancy childbirth (UNFPA).
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Mortality of children with disabilities can be as
high as 80 even in countries where overall
under-five mortality rate is below 20. (DFID).
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For every child killed in war, three are
permanently disabled (UNICEF).
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At least 10m children worldwide have been
traumatised by armed conflict. (UNICEF)
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Women and girls with disabilities are twice to
three times more likely to be victims of physical
and sexual abuse. (DFID).
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People with a disability are often overlooked in
emergency/ humanitarian responses
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Poor people are disproportionately disabled
and people with disabilities are
disproportionately poor. (Holzmann, R. World
Bank.)
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Disability Poverty Cycle
Make Development Inclusive Concepts and Guiding
Principles (2008) DG Employment and Social
Affairs, European Commission
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Understanding Disability
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Cultural understanding of disability

• ACTIVITY- cultural understanding
• List down on the cards you have some common
  beliefs, assumptions, values, about disability
  and persons with disabilities in your country or
  those where you work
• Now take to the walls.
• - with your cards
• - with the photos

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Intro to models of disability

• Important to recognise the different ways of
  understanding disability and the possible
  strengths and challenges of each
• Medical, social, economic, charity, economic
• Rights based
• You may align yourself with a particular
  approach, but important to recognise how others
  might understand as a basis for interaction and
  planning

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Medical model

• A sick/disabled person has one or more parts of
  the mind or body that need to be fixed to be
  healthy.
• Focus treatment on the non-functioning component
  of the mind/body to restore to normal
• Practitioners as experts in charge and
  directing service
• Clients expected to seek help, follow orders
  and get well.
• May involve community or institution based
  services
• Disability is therefore an individual health issue

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Charity Model

• Disability non-health
• People are afflicted with their disability
• Rationale for intervention since people cannot
  be cured, continuous and protective care is
  provided.
• Approach can be paternalistic
• Expecting little from person with a disability
  except that they accept the help that is provided
  without query or challenge.
• Societys responsibility to ensure their needs
  are met.

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Economic Model of Disability

• Often employed by governments
• Equates value to society with productivity.
  Disability can strain society due to decreased
  productivity.
• Interventions minimise the impacts of
  non-productivity and the financial support
  required for people with a disability and their
  carers
• Practitioners provide economic, legislative and
  program support to maintain people in society
  whilst clients are expected to participate in
  programs and accept financial support.
• Society pays for the financial support and
  programs via taxation and abides by legislation

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Social Model of Disability

• Disability
• Focuse on discrimination and social exclusion.
• Does not ignore impairments but refocus to
  include social barriers/discrimination
• Disability as inability of society to accommodate
  all its members.
• Leads to fundamentally different policy and
  intervention priorities ? removal of disabling
  barriers and emphasis on human and civil rights.

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Human Rights Model

• Focus on equal rights for every person
• See persons with disabilities as holders of equal
  rights
• See materials on the UN Convention on the Rights
  of Persons with disabilities

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Feedback from the walls

• Are all the words and pictures on the right
  walls?
• Was this easy?
• In the afternoon we will look at how to tie this
  into our communication strategy for different
  audiences.

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Some intentional and critical reflection on

• Our own assumptions and beliefs about people with
  a disability
• If/How our programs and activities address the
  assumptions, beliefs, and practices of others?
• How do we address issue of impairment, disability
  and rights?

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Inclusive development principles and practice
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Inclusive Development

• Is about inclusion but what do we mean by this?
• Is about development but what do we mean by
  this?
• Is both a process and a goal
• Follows a twin track approach

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(No Transcript)
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Rights based CRPD

• 'The disability perspective of development is
  based on a concept which defines equality for
  persons with disabilities on an equal basis with
  society as a whole. This view contributes to the
  empowerment and participation of persons with
  disabilities as agents and beneficiaries of
  development rather than as vulnerable subjects
  requiring care, protection or services. This is
  an inclusive development approach where their
  participation, as both contributors and
  beneficiaries, enhances human rights through
  development and development through human rights'

UN General Assembly 2008
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Partnerships as central

• People with a disability
• Their families and/or caregivers
• Wider community members
• Other organisations involved in disability and
  development.

Photo K Thompson, cbm Australia
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Doing with not Doing for
Principle partnership is with people with a
disability

• Nothing about us without us

DPI Slogan
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(No Transcript)
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Networking Lobbying Awareness Raising Capacity
Development
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WATSAN example
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Mainstreaming Disability

• Mainstreaming disability into development
  cooperation is the process of assessing the
  implications for people with a disability of any
  planned action, including legislation, policies
  and programmes, in all areas and at all levels.

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Mainstreaming disability

• a globally accepted strategy for promoting
  disability equality
• not an end in itself
• ensures disability perspectives and the goal of
  disability equality are central to all activities
• Ideally includes
• Organisation (policy, values, goals, staff,
  accountability reporting)
• Programmes practice (throughout project life)

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Q What have we learned from gender
mainstreaming?

• Devise a clear mandate for disability and earmark
  appropriate funding
•  Adopt disability as an official cross-cutting
  issue
• Develop an implementation strategy with
  accountable, time-bound goals both in terms of
  employment and programme work
• Devise an effective communication strategy
• Establish a sub-group and/or disability officer
  with specific responsibility
• Capacity development on (disability)
• Work with target gp/ (PwD/ DPOs) for all
  stages
• Collect disability-disaggregated data and develop
  disability analysis tools

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Are there people with a disability in your
programs?
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Camp school Pakistan
There are no people with a disability here but
are there?
Photo K Thompson, cbm Australia
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Its a specialist issue...or is it?
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They are welcome. But are they?
Photo K Thompson, cbm Australia
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How do our programs partnerships target each
obstacle to participation?
Figure from Werner, D. (1999) Disabled Village
children a guide for community health workers,
rehabilitation workers, and families.
Healthwrights Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Good development practice Good disability
practice

• i.e. Putting ourselves out of a job!?

• For development practice to be good, it must be
  inclusive
• Shared principles of good development and good
  disability practice. (E.g.. Partnerships,
  individualise, sustainable, empowerment, etc.)

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Effective development based on
Photos K Thompson cbm Australia
Local Ownership
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Harmonisation, consultation stewardship/accounta
bility

• Fishing Boats
• Southern India, Post Tsunami
• Man with three fishing boats in his house.
• Did you have three fishing boats before?
• No worked as a labourer on another boat.
• So what do you do with three boats? Do you have
  other people working for you?
• No on Mondays and Tuesdays I take out this
  one, on Wed and Thur this one, etc
• Previously 300 families and 8 fishing boats. Now
  300 fishing boats. One for each family.

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Empowerment and Sustainable change
Photo cbm SEAPRO
Photo K Thompson, cbm Australia
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Photo cbm Australia
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Mutual accountability
Photo cbm SEAPRO
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ACTIVITY

• "Give a man a fish and you feed him for a
  dayTeach a man to fish and you feed him for a
  lifetime.
• What does this Chinese Proverb tell us about
  development?
• What doesnt it tell us? i.e. What is not taken
  into account?

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Disability and emergencies

• The same disability inclusive principles are
  relevant in all stages
• What might be implications of disability for each
  stage? What could we do?
• Preparedness
• Immediate response
• Rehabilitation and reconstruction
• Leading to longer term development

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E.g., of how this understanding of disability
challenge us..

• Broaden and strengthen networks and partnerships
• Comprehensive? Representative of all players?
  people with a disability as central? rights
  based?
• Build an advocacy platform and agenda
• Building capacity, networking, raising awareness,
  lobbying
• Plan, monitor and evaluate programs from a human
  rights and broader social model perspective
• Ie impairment and disability.
• Involve people with a disability in all aspects
  of the program cycle.

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Whats in a word?

• Be specific
• Do not refer to people, or groups of people only
  by their impairment
• E.g.,Deaf people
• Person first person not disability at centre
  stage
• Person with a disability
• Though some places prefer disabled person (as
  society is disabling
• Maintain dignity
• Avoid negative language about disability
• Suffers from polio in danger of becoming
  blind

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Whats in a wordExamples from cbm language guide

• confined/restricted to a wheelchair
• TRY wheelchair user - May mean mobility and
  independence for the person with a disability
• Epileptic or afflicted with epilepsy
• Where is the person? TRY person with epilepsy
• Will work with marginalized group
• Often tokenistic inclusion of people with a
  disability
• Be specific who are they and how are they
  marginalised? How will the program address this?

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(No Transcript)
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Key stakeholders and instruments in disability
and development
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Inclusive development stakeholders

• Q Who are they in the countries you work in?
  (Who do we talk to..)
• Our Partner organisations !
• People with disabilities / Disabled People
  Organizations
• Families and parents/caregivers of PWDs
• Health workers, TBAs, medical specialists, local
  hospitals
• Institutions (churches, community groups, village
  development committees...)
• Development players (NGOs, CBOs, UN agencies
  etc)
• Local government / central Government players

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Inclusive development stakeholders

• Q Who are they in New Zealand ? (Who is I.D.
  important to, in NZ?)
• KOHA scheme - PMC
• Govt development players - ie NZAID
• CID
• Disability focussed agencies/NGOs
• People with disabilities in NZ ?
• Donors in NZ ?
• General public ?

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Disability and the MDGs..not (even) on
the guest list!

• Unless disabled people are brought into the
  development mainstream it will be impossible to
  cut poverty by half by 2015 or to give every girl
  and boy the chance to achieve a primary education
  by that date (i.e. achieve the MDGs)
•  
• James Wolfensohn, former president of the
  World Bank

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Disability and the MDGs..not (even) on
the guest list!

• MDG 1 Reduce extreme poverty and hunger by half
• Challenges in achieving MDG 1...
• WB estimates persons with disabilities comprise
  20 of the poorest of the poor
• Approx. 20 of all disabilities caused by
• malnutrition and gt 10 by infectious diseases.
• An estimated 80 of people with disabilities
• are unemployed (ILO)
•  

BPKS Bangladesh
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Disability and the MDGs..not (even) on
the guest list!

• MDG 2 Achieve Universal Primary Education
• Challenge in achieving MDG 2 ...
• 90 of children with disabilities in developing
  countries do not attend school (UNESCO)
• One third of the 77 million children out of
• school have a disability (World Vision)
•  

Includeeverybody.org
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Disability, MDGs and PRSP

• MDGs Policies, programmes, targets, indicators,
  monitoring evaluation do NOT include any
  reference to disability or PWDs?
• PRSPs are becoming the operational framework
  to translate the global MDG targets into national
  action hence importance of INCLUSION !!

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Disability Human Rights (the UNCRPD)

• The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with
  Disabilities
• Purpose to promote, protect and ensure the full
  and equal enjoyment of
• all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all
  persons with disabilities, and to promote respect
  for their inherent dignity
•  Significance
• Affirms the rights of persons with disabilities
• are human rights
• Gives universal recognition to the dignity
• of persons with disabilities.
• Both a development and a human rights instrument

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http//www.un.org/disabilities/
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Disability Human Rights (the UNCRPD)

• The Convention marks a paradigm shift in
  attitudes and approaches to persons with
  disabilities. From charity to rights and
  dignity.
•  
• Persons with Disabilities are
• not viewed as "objects" of charity, medical
  treatment and social protection
• .but as "subjects" with rights, and capable of
  claiming those rights and
• can make decisions for their lives based on
  their free and informed consent, and are..
• active members of society.

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Development and the UN Convention

• Article 32 International co-operation
• Explicitly identifies 4 areas of cooperation
• Inclusion accessibility of international
  development programmes
• Capacity building
• Research
• Technical and economic assistance

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Disability, KOHA I.D.

• Background history
• Key changes (see handout details)
• New KOHA criteria in Section 4 of Handbook
• PWDs are included as community of
  interest/identity
• Community development should be inclusive of
  PWDs
• New questions in Forms and Reports
• Consideration in AM E (Forms Reports)

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Disability HAF

• Background ...a bit less explicit
• Key changes (see handout details)
• Operating Practice Consideration of all
  vulnerable groups (mentions PWDs) is important
• Applications consider vulnerable groups in
  needs assessment and implementation
• Reports - what changes to lives of vulnerable
  groups ?
• - Involvement of vulnerable groups
  in implementation, monitoring and
  evaluation ?

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Application to Project Management and Case studies
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(No Transcript)
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How an NGO and its programs can be Disability
Inclusive

• Mainstreaming Programs, organisation, etc.
• Knowledge (K)
• Social model
• Rights based
• Twin track approach
• Poverty and disability link
• These shared understandings form the basis of our
  
• ability to be disability inclusive.

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Three guiding principlesfor implementing
Disability Inclusive Development

• PwD are included Inclusion (I)
• Remembering PwD and their needs
• PwD participate Participation (P)
• Nothing about us without us
• PwD have access Accessibility (A)
• Addressing barriers environmental, attitudinal
  and institutional

Note the KIPA (Edmonds 2003)
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KIPA Framework

• Knowledge, Inclusion, Participation, Access
• Coordinate efforts among those responsible for
  implementing supporting programs
• donors, government, public and private sector
  agencies
• Helps identify gaps plan for inclusive
  development
• Applied at various levels
• programs, policy, national strategy, etc
• Applied across sectors
• e.g., health, education, vocational, emergency,

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KIPA IDP Camp School Pakistan

• 5000 people in camp
• Cooperation of Pakistan Army, Relief
  International, Plan International, UNHCR, etc
• School 1500 children
• There is a plan to build this into a more
  permanent townships
• Focus on education of children

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ACTIVITY

• Break into groups
• Review the case study provided to your group
• Take 20 mins to answer the questions in the table
  provided.
• Report back to wider group

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More information?

• On disability in the program cycle
• The Make Development Inclusive Mainstreaming
  Disability in Development Cooperation
• http//www.make-development-inclusive.org/index.ph
  p?wid1024spken
• mapping and training tools, reference lists,
  resource websites, documentation of good practice
  and case studies
• KIPA
• Edmonds (2005). Disabled People and Development.
  Poverty and Social Development Paper. Asian
  Development Bank
• KIPA framework and application across various
  policy and practice levels and sectors.
• Inclusive Development Practice A Guide to
  Mainstreaming Disability in Development Programs
  (Draft) (2009) CBM Australia
• A get started brief guideline current being
  piloted.

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Wrap up
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A few examples on where to from here..

• Organisation level
• SWOT on existing programs, policies and networks
  in relation to disability inclusion what
  approach do they currently reflect?
• Identify existing expertise in region NZ and
  country programs
• Collating an evidence base baselines, practice
  examples, measures of success, etc
• Allocating/seeking out budget.
• Have you got/how will you get the support of
  management

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Getting started

• Close to home your tasks, team, organisation,
  etc.
• Is your own workplace accessible?
• Buildings
• Communications and information
• develop a working group
• Identify capacity/information needs
• Draw from various expertise/areas to get
  ownership across organisation

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Getting started

• Consider existing structures, plans, procedures,
  etc how could they start being disability
  inclusive?
• Stats, tenders, job advertisements, progress
  reports, project cycle tools
• Set priorities for some quick success good
  motivation
• Existing Human resources and expertise need
  supplementing?

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Reflection - closing

• 2-3 things you have learned/been reminded of
• 2-3 things you want to learn more about
• 2-3 things you will do now/how will you act on
  this?
• Consider for example,
• Your role?
• Your organisation
• Partnerships
• Participation

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THANK YOU