Energy System Contributions to Track Running Events

1
Energy System Contributions to Track Running
Events

• Emily Miller
• Amber Robinson
• Kendra Alkire
• Keith Lemay

2
Our Dilemma

• The figure to the right illustrates the
• relationship between average running
• speed and exercise duration, using a
• logarithmic scale, for mens track
• events. Based on your knowledge of
• cellular ATP synthesis, indicate the
• energy system that is most responsible
• for the ATP yield within muscle cells
• for each component of the graph.

Notice the three phases of the graph. A, B and C.
3
Explanation of the Graph

• Mens track events at the collegiate level go
  from 100 meters to 10,000 meters.
• These races take from 9 seconds to 36 minutes
  respectively.
• ATP-CP, Anaerobic and Aerobic energy systems
  contribute differing amounts of ATP for
  competitors in each race.

4
Early Hypothesis about Energy System Contribution

• Early trials to determine relative energy
  contributions resulted in two common
  misconceptions.
• First, that the energy systems respond to the
  demands of intense exercise in an almost
  sequential manner, and secondly, that the aerobic
  system responds slowly to these energy demands,
  thereby playing little role in determining
  performance over short durations (Gastin, 2001).

5
Section A

• Stored ATP lasts in the muscle cell for
  approximately 3 seconds.
• The phosphagen system then responds to the
  demand for ATP.
• Creatine Phosphate is stored in the muscle
  cell. When the muscle demands ATP, the enzyme
  Creatine Kinase cleaves off the phosphate from CP
  and attaches the phosphate to ADP to make ATP.
• Creatine Phosphate stores last for no more
  than 10 seconds.
• This is the primary energy system used in
  the mens 100 meter dash.

6
Section B

• Both aerobic and anaerobic work begin with
  glycolysis
• (See page 105 in
• text)
• Net for each
• molecule of glucose
• 2 ATP
• 2 NADH

7
Section C

• Aerobic metabolism is the slowest form of
  ATP synthesis, however it is the most efficient.
  It makes from 30-32 molecules of ATP per glucose.
• It begins with the Krebs Cycle, which
  doesnt require oxygen. It creates NADH and FADH.
  These two carriers contribute electrons to the
  Electron Transport Chain.
• The Electron Transport Chain Pumps Hydrogen
  across the inner mitochondrial membrane to create
  a proton gradient. Oxygen is the final electron
  acceptor.
• H flows down its electrochemical gradient
  through a protein complex called ATP Synthase.
  ATP Synthase catalyzes the reaction of
  ADP P(i) ?gt ATP.

8
Aerobic Respiration in a Photo
9
Anaerobic and Aerobic Energy System Percent
Contribution
10
Our AnalogyShifting to Save Gas

• A cars acceleration depends on the gear that the
  car is in.
• Performing a California Stop lets you use
  stored momentum to accelerate. (Phosphagen
  System)
• A lower gear means that the car will accelerate
  more quickly, but this will take more fuel.
  (Anaerobic)
• A higher gear will cause less acceleration, but
  the fuel efficiency is greater. (Aerobic)

11
References

• Gastin, P. B. (2001). Energy system interaction
  and relative contribution during maximal
  exercise. Sports Medicine, (31), 725-741.
• Silverthorn, D. U., Ober, W. C., Garrison, C. W.,
  Silverthorn, A. C. (2007). Human physiology.
  San Fransisco Pearson Education.
• Alberts, B., Dennis, B., Hopkin, K., Johnson, A.,
  Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., et al. (2004).
  Essential cell biology (2nd ed.). New York, NY
  Garland Science.
• http//content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thum
  b/9/92/400px-Etc2.png