NEVER TOO LATE TO CHANGE

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NEVER TOO LATE TO CHANGE

• Intro to Health Behavior Theory
• Dr. Niya Werts
• Towson University
• nwerts_at_towson.edu

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• PIE SLICES

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Self Efficacy

• People will only try to do what they think they
  can do and wont try what they think they cant.
• Mastery Experience
• Vicarious Experience
• Verbal Persuasion
• Somatic and Emotional
• States

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Staples Model of Self Efficacy
Source http//jcmc.indiana.edu/vol3/issue4/sta
ples1.gif
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HEALTH BELIEF MODEL (HBM)

• HBM is what is known as a VALUE EXPECTANCY THEORY
  
• The subjective value of the
• outcome.
• The subjective probability
• or expectation that an action
• will achieve the outcome.

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HBM KEY CONSTRUCTS

• People will take action to prevent, screen for or
  control a condition of ill-health IF
• They believe they are SUSCEPTIBLE to the
  conditions
• They believe the condition and the consequences
  are SEVERE.
• They perceive that taking some action X has some
  BENEFIT in terms of reducing the threat, as well
  as other benefits.
• They perceive that the BARRIERS to taking the
  action are low.
• The are CUES TO ACTION or triggers.
• The person believes that he/she can do the
  behavior that will produce the desired outcome
  (SELF EFFICACY).

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THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR

• A persons perception of how much they can
  control their behavior is combined with
  intention, attitude and norms to determine or
  predict behavior.

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TPB
Source http//forest.wisc.edu/facstaff/rickenba
ch/TPB20graphic.jpg
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STAGE MODELS
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Trans Theoretical Model
Source http//www.wipp.nhs.uk/tools_scf
p/img/participants_hbook_activity2_model.gif
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THE STAGES OF TTM

• Pre-contemplation No intent to take
  action/change behavior.
• Contemplation Intention to change, maybe within
  the next six months.
• Preparation Intention to take action in the
  immediate future, say in the next month.
• Action A specific, relevant modification in
  behavior is made.
• Maintenance Striving to maintain change, prevent
  relapse.
• Termination Individual no longer succumbs to
  temptation and has self-efficacy about
  maintenance.

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THE PRECAUTION-ADOP STAGES

• Unaware of issue
• Unengaged by issue
• Deciding about acting this decision could be 4
  or 5
• Decision not to act
• Decision to act
• Acting
• Maintenance
• Most difficult those in stage 1 or 4. Model
  argues that people usually pass thru these stages
  in sequence though there may be some exceptions.

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THE WHOLE PIE
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What is an ecological model?

• Ecological Models are comprehensive health
  promotion models that are multifaceted, concerned
  with environmental change, behavior, and policy
  that help individuals make healthy choices in
  their daily lives.
• Credit to Dr. Theresa Jackson at Towson
  University. This slide is part of her excellent
  Multi Level Approaches to Health Behavior and
  Health Education presentation

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Social Ecological Model
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SOCIAL NETWORKS
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SOCIAL NETWORK QUALITIES

• Reciprocity
• Intensity
• Complexity
• Geographic density/dispersion
• Cliques and boundaries

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Four types of social support

• Informational Advice, suggestions, and
  information
• Emotional Expressions of empathy, love, trust,
  and caring
• Instrumental Tangible aid and service
• Appraisal Information that is useful for
  self-evaluation

Credit to Dr. Theresa Jackson at Towson
University. This slide is part of her excellent
Multi Level Approaches to Health Behavior and
Health Education presentation
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SOCIAL MARKETING

• Social marketing campaigns are built around the
  FOUR Ps
• -- Product The behavior, program,
  technology
• -- Price Cost of adoption
• -- Place Where product available
• -- Promotion How to promote the first
  three

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COMMUNITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE

• In many situations, change in the health behavior
  of individuals first requires change in the
  community itself, in norms, laws, physical
  conditions, systems, or organizations relevant to
  the situation.