The First Experiments

1
The First Experiments

• The Spanish Century
• English History Timeline
• The Virginia Company
• A Plantation Economy
• Maryland
• New England
• The Restoration Colonies
• Northern vs. Southern Socio-Economic Development

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The Spanish Century

• Treaty of Tordesillas 1494
• Spains exclusive right to the Americas.
• The Reformation and Spanish efforts to dominate
  the Netherlands limited the activities of these
  northwestern European states during the first
  half of the sixteenth century.
• By the middle of the sixteenth century French,
  Dutch, and English merchants aggressively sought
  new ways to access Asian markets.

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Voyages of Discovery (map)
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French, Spanish, and English Settlements to 1776
(map)
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The Virginia Company

• Virginia Company of Plymouth
• Kennebec River
• Virginia Company of London
• 144 Gentlemen
• Establish Jamestown April 1607
• Starving Time
• Saved by Powhatan
• 1608 John Smith establishes control
• 60 out of 500 survive the winter

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A Plantation Economy

• 1614 John Rolphe domesticates tobacco
• Labor shortage
• Indentured servitude
• Slavery
• House of Burgesses
• Friction with Indians leads to war
• 1622 Opechancanough
• 1624 James I revokes charter makes Virginia a
  royal colony.
• Warfare with Indians persists Indians forced
  inland.

8
Maryland

• 1632 Proprietary Colony
• George Calvert Lord Baltimore
• Haven for Catholics
• Succeeded by Cecilius Calvert
• 1642 Protestants overthrow Baltimores government
  (English Civil War)
• Religious toleration and a 2 house legislature
• By 1660s Maryland economy like Virginia

9
New England

• Separatists at Plymouth
• Henry VIII and the Protestant Reformation
• Puritans Separatists
• Sept. 1620 Wm. Bradford and the Mayflower
  establish Plymouth Plantation.
• Nov. 21, 1620 Mayflower Compact
• A City Upon a Hill
• 1630 John Winthrop and separatists establish
  Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• Primary Settlement at Boston
• we shall be as a city upon a hill
• Religious dissent
• Roger Williams and Rhode Island
• Thomas Hooker and Connecticut

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The Restoration Colonies

• The Carolinas
• 1663 8 Proprietors
• Furs Indians
• South Rice, North Timber
• S.C. Royal Colony 1719
• N.C. Royal Colony 1729
• New York 1665
• Duke of York and Dutch Wars
• Iron-fisted rule.

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The Restoration Colonies

• New Jersey
• George Carteret Sir John Berkeley 1665
• Pennsylvania
• Wm. Penn
• Haven for Quakers
• 3 Differences
• Mandated representative assembly
• All male property owning Christians could vote
• No taxes to support official church
• Also kept peace with Indians
• Delaware 1665

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Northern vs. Southern Socio-Economic Development

• From congregations to private land ownership.
• Climate and agriculture
• partible inheritance
• Lumbering, fishing, manufacturing
• Less disease greater social stability
• Calvinism Capitalism
• Contrast with southern traditional plantation
  economy.