Overview of Linking: DOI and CrossRef

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Overview of Linking DOI and CrossRef 2002 NFAIS
Annual Conference NFAIS/NISO Linking
Workshop February 24, 2002 Philadelphia Edward
Pentz Executive Director CrossRef
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What is CrossRef?

• An independent, non-profit membership
  organization for pre-competitive cooperation
• A cross-publisher network for article-level
  linking based on DOIs
• IDF Registration Agency
• There are now four DOI registration agencies, but
  CrossRef is the only one whose mission is to
  implement citation linking and serve the
  scholarly community

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Key benefits of the CrossRef/DOI system

• One process - reduces technology problem
• No bilateral linking agreements needed
• An agreement with CrossRef is a linking agreement
  with all CrossRef publishers
• A DOI link is a persistent link, unlike a URL
• No stale links in citations or database records.
  Publishers can update URLs in one location
• Interoperability ISSNs, ISBNs, SICIs, PIIs
• Infrastructure for standardized metadata and
  services
• Publishers maintain their own business models
  while adding value to content

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What does CrossRef do?

• Uses DOI system to make linking to full text
  scholarly journal articles efficient, manageable,
  and reliable
• Links are between online journals, from secondary
  database records and from library pages
• Outbound links add end-user utility to content
• Inbound links bring more users to content
• Mission to be the complete citation linking
  backbone for all scholarly literature in
  electronic form

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Who is CrossRef?

• CrossRef is a collaborative, non-profit,
  independent membership organization that employs
  open standards
• Members Any publisher of original scholarly
  material in electronic form
• Libraries Enrich online catalogues with outgoing
  links to full text, and increase use of digital
  archives with incoming links.
• Affiliates and agents Secondary publishers and
  journal hosting services are enhancing their
  products with DOI-based citation links.

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Participants

• Libraries Max Planck Institute, Stuttgart KAIST
  (Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology),
  Boston College
• Affiliates Maruzen, Cambridge Scientific
  Abstracts, Dialog, IFIS (International Food
  Information Service), Fiz Karlsruhe, reviews.com,
  Swets Blackwell, KINS (Korea Info-New Service),
  EBSCO
• Agents Allen Press, BioOne, American Institute
  of Physics, Catchword/ingenta, HighWire,
  MetaPress

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How does CrossRef work?

• Publishers deposit metadata (in XML) for online
  articles with CrossRef, including a DOI and URL
• Members and affiliates then query the central
  metadata database to find the DOI matching the
  reference from which they want to create a link
• If there is a match, they retrieve the DOI and
  add it to their electronic record ...

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How does CrossRef work?

• In an online article, a researcher sees and
  clicks the DOI link (it may say CrossRef or
  just Article)
• The DOI resolves to the URL registered by the
  publisher
• terms of access to the full text are set by the
  publisher -- in most cases, if the user is
  entitled to access, she goes straight to the full
  text of the article
• Most publishers take non-subscribers to the
  abstract
• Full bibliographic citation and information on
  getting the article at a minimum

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DOI Directory
Suffix
http//dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1995.0238
Prefix
http//www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/jmbi.
1995.0238
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Citation linking using DOIs
Online article at Publisher A website
DOI Directory (Handle System)
End User
4. User accesses cited article at Publisher B
website
Online article at Publisher B website
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Is it working?

• YES!
• 102 member publishers, and 40 library or other
  affiliates
• More than 5,000 journals in the system
• Over 4.3 million articles registered
• More than 80 of the publishers are currently
  depositing and 40 retrieving
• 600,000 700,000 DOI resolutions per month
• 500,000 1 million articles per year

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Summary Advantages of Using DOI

• Persistent identifier
• You only update your own URL changes in one
  location
• External links easier - no need to update
• Works across platforms and content types
• Permits enhanced linking
• OpenURL-aware Localized Linking
• Parameter Passing using OpenURL syntax
• Multiple resolution
• URLs are a dead end
• IDEAL ScienceDirect

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Next Steps

• Expansion of content types
• conference proceedings and reference works
• enable citation linking and drive traffic to, and
  sales of, proceedings papers and book chapters.
• Parameter Passing
• Extra information sent along with a DOI
• (1) track originating journal (2) customize
  response pages (3) add return buttons, (4)
  institute special trading rules
• OpenURL will be used for CrossRef parameters

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Parameter Example

• Referent Bergelson, J. 1997. Isolation of a
  common receptor for coxsackie B viruses and
  adenoviruses 2 and 5. Science. (275) 1320-1323.
  ltdoi10.1126/science.275.5304.1320gt
•   Referring-Entity McArthur, James G. et al.
  2001. p27-p16 Chimera A Superior
  Antiproliferative for the Prevention of
  Neointimal Hyperplasia. Molecular Therapy. 3(1).
  ltdoi10.1006/mthe.2000.0239gt

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http//dx.doi.org/resolve? ref_id
doi10.1126/science.275.5304.1320 rfr_id
dnscrossref.orgidealibrary.com rfe_id
doi10.1006/mthe.2000.0239 rfe_id
issn1525-0016 adm_ver 1.0 adm_tim
2002-02-20T142003Z adm_pid cr_setver , 01
cr_encrypt , cx1Dk0f1ud58jlKfdsAif
he23swkHGs cr_saltver , 01
cr_tstamp , 20020220142003
cr_orig , idealibrary.com
cr_origDOI , 10.1006/mthe.2000.0239
cr_retURL , http//www.idealibrary.com/links/doi
/10.1006/mthe.2000.0239/ref
cr_retURLtext , Click Here
cr_doctype , html cr_title ,
Molecular Therapy cr_pub ,
Academic Press
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Multiple resolution

• What A single DOI associated with many possible
  actions
• What for Could include (1) multiple URLs for
  dispersed mirror sites, (2) pointer to a metadata
  record, (3) access to sub-parts of an article,
  such as abstract or references only, (4) email
  address, (5) different versions (get html or
  get pdf), (5) author bio, (6) rights
  information, etc

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Multiple Resolution for Journals and Conference
Proceedings
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CrossRef and Standards

• Guidelines for DOIs in citations, online and
  print journals
• DOIs will be required for primary and secondary
  resources
• DOIs for journal titles, books and other types of
  material
• ONIX/ONIX for Serials
• Standardized metadata for exchange of information
• No one format will server all purposes mapping
  is necessary

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Conclusion

• Power of collaboration and network effects
• Identifiers and standards (XML, DOI, OpenURL,
  ONIX)
• Publishers cooperated and moved quickly
• Libraries, secondaries and agents now actively
  involved
• Continued collaboration needed to improve the
  scholarly communication process

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• the central source for reference linking
• dont be the missing link
• http//www.crossref.org
• Ed Pentz
• epentz_at_crossref.org