The Virginia Tech Neuropsychology Laboratory

1
The Virginia TechNeuropsychology Laboratory

• A Functional Neural Systems Approach
• Emotion Health
• Sex Differences Aging
• Emotional Disorders

2
HOSTILITY HEALTH

• A Robust Literature On Hostility, Cardiovascular
  Lability, and
• Cardiovascular Risk

3
SEX DIFFERENCES HEALTHLATERALITY ISSUES?

• A Robust Literature On Sex Differences in
  Cardiovascular Lability, and
• Cardiovascular Risk

4
AGING HEALTHRIGHT HEMI-AGING?

• A Robust Literature On Cardiovascular Lability,
  and
• Cardiovascular Risk

5
Cerebral Mediation of Emotion the Autonomic
Nervous System

• Right Brain
• Sympathetic Tone
• Sweating gtBPgtHR
• Glucose Mobilization
• Cholesterol Mobilization
• Left Brain
• Parasympathetic
• Quiescent State
• Digestion
• Absorption

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NEUROPSYCHOLOGY EMOTION THEORY

• RIGHT HEMISPHERE MODEL
• HEILMAN (1982)
• RIGHT CEREBRUM
• Primary Role in Emotion Arousal
• POSTERIOR Sensory Reception or Attention
• ANTERIOR Motor Expression or Intention

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• VALENCE MODEL
• TUCKER WILLIAMSON (1984)
• DAVIDSON (1993)
• Balance Model or Valence Model
• Relative Right Frontal Activation
• NEGATIVE AFFECT
• Relative Left Frontal Activation
• POSITIVE AFFECT

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• BEHAVIORAL ACTIVATION MODEL (BIS/BAS)
• GRAY
• A NONHUMAN ANIMAL MODEL
• BAS LEFT FRONTAL ACTIVATION
• POSITIVE AFFECT
• APPROACH
• BIS RIGHT FRONTAL ACTIVATION
• NEGATIVE AFFECT
• FEAR OR ANXIETY

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• DOMINANCE-SUBMISSION MODEL
• DEMAREE, EVERHART, YOUNGSTROM, HARRISON (2004)
• LEFT FRONTAL ACTIVATION
• DOMINANCE
• RIGHT FRONTAL ACTIVATION
• SUBMISSION

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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

• LESS CONTROVERSY
• Right Brain Negative Emotion
• MORE CONTROVERSY
• Asymmetry For Positive Emotion
• Except for Heilman
• Models Ignore Sensory or Posterior Brain

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DYNAMIC FUNCTIONAL NEURAL SYSTEMS THEORY

• SENSORY ANALYSIS
• POSTERIOR BRAIN
• SENSORY PROJECTION AREAS
• INHIBITORY REGULATION MOTOR EXPRESSION
• THE FRONTAL LOBES
• INHIBITORY REGULATION
• INTENTION
• MOTOR PROJECTION AREAS

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Our Functional Systems ApproachSystematic
Research Replication
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Functional Systems ApproachVision
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VISION

• FACIAL AFFECT, T-SCOPE, RT
• N 52 (26 Men 26 Women)
• Harrison, Gorelczenko, Cook, 1990
• Left VF Advantage
• Asymmetry in Men Differs From Women

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Ventral View of the Visual Projections
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Ekmans Emotional Faces
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Reaction Time (log 10) By Visual Field
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Replication

• Harrison Gorelczenko (1990)
• Crews Harrison (1994)
• RT Faster at Left VF
• SYMMETRY for positive faces
• ASYMMETRY In Men Not Women
• Herridge, Harrison, Shenal, Mollet (2003)
• ACCURACY Increased at Left VF

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Reaction Time (secs) By Visual Field
VISUAL FIELD
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Reaction Time (LOG10) By Visual Field
VISUAL FIELD
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Reaction Time (LOG10) By Visual Field
22
Accuracy ( Correct) By Visual Field
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The Right Hemi-Aging Hypothesis

• McDowell, Harrison, Demaree, 1994
• 10 Faces Depicting 5 Affective Valences
• 50 Item Photo Album (Ekmans Faces)
• Elderly Younger Men Women (N60)
• Results
• Accuracy of Happy Affect Faces No Difference
• Elderly Impaired on Accuracy of Each Negative
  Affect Valence (Sad, Angry, Fearful)

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Correct Responses By Age and Affect Category
McDowell, Harrison, Demaree, 1994
MEAN CORRECT
AFFECTIVE VALENCE
25

• Billings, Harrison, Alden, 1993
• Reduced Left Visual Field Bias Among Elderly
  Women
• Neutral Faces

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Reported Affect (Bias) For Neutral Faces by
Visual Field Billings, Harrison, Alden, 1993
REPORTED AFFECT
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Visual Hallucinations A Clinical Study

• Walters, Harrison, Foster, Williamson, 2004
• Retrospective Review of Archival Data
• 200 Patients on Rehabilitation Unit at a
• Tertiary Care Medical Center
• 30 Identified With Visual Formaesthesias
• 16 Men 14 Women

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Visual Formaesthesias Affective Valence by
Visual Field
PERCENT
VISUAL FIELD
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Multimodal Paraesthesia Thalamic Syndrome

• Eye Drillers, look a hole through you, no
  noises, they dont like you, wear black religious
  clothing

• Hee Haw Boys
• too happy, talk too much, colorful Hawaiian shirts

Right Visual Field
Left Visual Field
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HOSTILITY VISION

• Harrison Gorelczenko, 1990 (243 Ss13)
• High Hostile Men Low Hostile Men
• High Hostile Women Low Hostile Women
• NO STRESS CHALLENGE!
• HOSTILE NEGATIVE BIAS AT LVF

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NEGATIVE AFFECT BIASNEUTRAL FACES IDENTIFIED AS
ANGRY
Harrison Gorel, 1990
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• EMOTIONAL FACE RECOGNITION
• Herridge, Harrison, Mollet, Shenal, 2004
• High Hostile Men Low Hostile Men
• HOSTILE Less Accurate at LVF
• COLD PRESSOR Affects Accuracy
• LOW HOSTILELess Accurate Post CP

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EMOTIONAL FACE RECOGNITION
C O R R E C T
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Emotional Face Recognition Pre Post Cold
Pressor
C O R R E C T
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Functional Systems ApproachAudition
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AUDITION

• DICHOTIC WORDS
• Snyder, Harrison, Gorman, 1996
• N45 men
• tower, dower, power, bower
• neutral, angry, happy, sad
• REA WORDS gt REA AFFECT
• LEA AFFECT gt LEA WORDS

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Total Correct By Ear
CORRECT
EAR
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Replication

• LEA EMOTIONAL SOUNDS
• Emerson, Everhart, Williamson Harrison, 1999
  (children)
• REA WORD SOUNDS
• Emerson, Everhart, Williamson Harrison, 1999
  (children)
• Alden, Harrison,Snyder,Everhart, 1997
  (elderly)
• Demaree Harrison, 1997
  (adults)
• Hagopian Harrison, unpublished
  (children)

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Percent Correct By Ear
CORRECT
EAR
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Ear Advantage For Emotional Valence Dichotic
Listening
CORRECT
VALENCE
41

• Asymmetry in Men Differs From Women
• Higgins Harrison, unpublished

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Sex DifferencesLaterality For Speech Sounds
POC
SCORE
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Sex Differences In Frontal Lobe
LateralityFocused Listening to Left or Right Ear
S Y S T O L I C B P
SIDE OF FOCUS
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The Right Hemi-Aging Hypothesis

• Alden, Harrison, Snyder, Everhart, 1997
• Age Differences in Intention to Right to Left
  Hemispace
• Dichotic Listening
• Elderly Younger Women (N54)
• Results
• Right Ear Advantage for CV Sounds
• No Difference
• Elderly Impaired
• on Directing Intention to the Left Ear

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CVs Identified at the Left and Right Ear by Age
Focus Alden, Harrison, Snyder, Everhart, 1997
TOTAL DETECTED
FOCUS
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HOSTILITY AUDITION

• COLD PRESSOR STRESS
• DICHOTIC LISTENING
• CARDIOVASCULAR MEASURES
• Demaree Harrison, 1997b

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High Hostile vs. Low Hostile

• HIGH HOSTILE Cardiac Reactivity (HR)
• Enhanced LEA
• RIGHT Cerebral Activation to Stress
• LOW HOSTILE Cardiac Stability (HR)
• Enhanced REA
• LEFT Cerebral Activation to Stress

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Heart Rate Pre Post Stress Conditions
H E A R T R A T E
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Number of Left Ear StimuliBy Stress Condition
I D E N T I F I E D
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Functional Systems ApproachVestibular
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VESTIBULAR

• RESEARCH (bug Joe--in progress)
• Vection Induced Motion (rotating chair)
• Activation of Right Temporal
• Sensation of Spinning to the Left
• Activation of Left Temporal
• Sensation of Spinning to the Right

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A Pilot ProjectWhy Do People Barf?

• K. C. Harrison

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The Mad Scientist
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Pilot Project

• Spinning to Right 30 Rotations
• Increased Activation of the Right Brain
• Decreased Activation of the Left Brain
• Dizziness Leftward Vection
• Temperature spike
• Nausea and Balance Problems
• Large Leftward Eye Movements

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After Spinning 30 TimesThe Brain is Out of
BalanceI Am Sick
Delta
Beta
Theta
Decreased Activation Left Brain
Increased Activation Right Brain
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Left Right Frontal LobeDelta Magnitude
MicroVol ts
Left Frontal Lobe
Right Frontal Lobe
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Left Right BrainTemporal Parietal Occipital
Lobe (PTO)Beta Magnitude
MicroVol ts
Left Brain (PTO)
Right Brain (PTO)
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PTSD Left Vection with Anger FearA Clinical
Study With Quantitative EEG

• Rhodes Harrison, unpublished
• Profuse Sweating Rapid Heart Rate
• Fearful Facial Configuration
• Abdominal Contractions
• Bodily Tremor
• Self Reported--Loss of Control
• Leftward Vection

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DELTA Magnitude Left Right Frontal Lobe
uV
CONDITION
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BETA Magnitude Left Right Temporal Lobe
uV
CONDITION
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Functional Systems ApproachSomatosensory
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SOMATOSENSORY

• FACIAL CONFIGURATION
• Herridge, Harrison, Demaree, 1997
• N 26 men
• ANGERIncrease Conductance at LEFT
• HAPPYIncrease Conductance at RIGHT
• NEUTRAL NO DIFFERENCE

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DUCHENNE 1862
Ekman et al., 1990
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Facial Muscle Contractions Alter Skin Conductance
(umhos)
umho
Muscles Contracted
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Replication A Clinical Study

• PATHOLOGICAL POSITIVE AFFECT
• GELASTIC LABILITY
• Demakis, Herridge, Harrison, 1994
• Multiple Baseline Reversal Design
• Three Replications
• Skin Conductance (Umhos)

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Gelastic Lability (Percent Change)Asymmetry in
Skin Conductance
CHANGE
B E H A V I O R
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HOSTILITY SOMATOSENSORY

• FACIAL AFFECT CONFIGURATION
• REPETITIVE TESTING (BLOCK 1 2)
• SKIN CONDUCTANCE (Umhos)
• Herridge, Harrison, Demaree, 1997

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High Hostile vs. Low Hostile

• HIGH HOSTILE
• Enhanced Sympathetic Tone
• Slow Habituation at LEFT Hand
• LOW HOSTILE
• Diminished Sympathetic Tone
• Slow Habituation at RIGHT Hand

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Skin Conductance Habituation
U m h o s
Low Hostile
High Hostile
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Hostility Temperature

• A thesis for someone.
• Note temperature dysaesthesia
• Lesion Cold and Cold to the Touch
• Investigate Role of Somaesthesis in
  Cardiovascular Dynamics (at corresponding body
  locations---homunculus)

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Functional Systems ApproachMotor Strength
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MOTOR

• RIGHT HAND ADVANTAGE-STRENGTH
• DEPRESSION
• Crews, Harrison,
  Rhodes, 1999 (women)
• Emerson, Harrison, Everhart, 2000
  (boys)
• ANXIETY
• Everhart, Harrison,
  Shenal, Williamson,Wuensch, 2002(men)
• HOSTILITY
• Demaree, Harrison,
  Higgins, 2000 (men)
• SEX DIFFERENCES
• Higgins Harrison
  (unpublished)
• Motor Asymmetry in Men Differs From
  Women

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Grip Strength
GRIP Kg
H A N D
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The Right Hemi-Aging Hypothesis

• Shapiro, Harrison, Crews, Everhart, 1996
• Right Handed Ss (Coren, Porac, Duncan)
• Elderly Younger Women (N26)
• Dynomometer Grip Strength
• Context Dim Bright Light
• Results
• Asymmetry Significant in Bright Light
• Asymmetry No Difference in Dim Light
• Elderly Left Hand Weaker in Bright Light
• Note Only Partial Data Reported. Needs
  Replication

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Grip Strength as a Function of Context Shapiro,
Harrison, Crews, Everhart, 1996
KI LLOGRAMS
DIM BRIGHT
DIM BRIGHT
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HOSTILITY MOTOR

• HAND GRIP STRENGTH
• Demaree, Harrison, Higgins, 2002
• HIGH HOSTILE
• FLEXOR STRONGER AT LEFT
• LOW HOSTILE
• FLEXOR STRONGER AT RIGHT

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Hostility Grip Strength
GRIP kG
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REPLICATIONS

• Emerson,Harrison,Everhart,Williamson,2000
• Anxious Depressed School-Aged Boys
• Stronger at Left Hand, Weaker at Right Hand
• Crews, Harrison, Rhodes, Demaree, 1995
• Anxious-Depressed Women
• Stronger at Left Hand, Weaker at Right Hand

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Facial Motor Tone

• Left Frontal Right
  Frontal
• Right Hemiface Left Hemiface

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Facial Motor ToneElectromyogram

• Hypothesis Facial Asymmetry
• Predict
• Increased Left Facial Tone in Hostiles
• Less Asymmetry in Women
• could be a thesis for you
• Sympathetic -- Left Hemifacial Tone
• Parasympathetic -- Right Hemifacial Tone

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Hostility Facial Motor Tone

• FACIAL INTENSITY AFFECT
• Rhodes Harrison, pending
• Predict
• Heightened Left Hemifacial Tone
• Increased Left Hemifacial Reactivity
• Relationship Between
• Left Hemiface and Cardiac Reactivity

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Facial Motor Tone as a Function of Stress (Rhodes
Harrison, 2004)
M I CROVOL TS
Left Masseter
Right Masseter
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Systolic Blood Pressure as a Function of Stress
(Rhodes Harrison, 2004)
SYSTOL I C BP
mmHg
CONDITION
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PREMOTOR

• RAPID ALTERNATING MOVEMENTS
• Harrison, 1991
• Dual Concurrent Motor Tasks
• Reading Aloud
• Tapping
• Right or Left Hand
• Right or Left Elbow

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Rapid Alternating Movements
CHANGE
Tapping Location
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Planned Research

• RAM
• Predict
• Reduced Asymmetry in Women
• Concurrent Emotional Task
• Increased Dual Task Capacity in Women

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Functional Systems ApproachFrontal Eye Fields
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Research Underway

• Frontal Eye Fields
• Mollet, Walters, Harrison (pending)
• Lateral Eye Movements
• Hypothesis
• Leftward ? Increased Sympathetic Tone
• Rightward?Increased Parasympathetic Tone

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Functional Systems ApproachPremotor Region

• Left Frontal Right
  Frontal
• Verbal Fluency Design Fluency

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Pet Scan During Noun/Verb Processing (From
Carlson, 2002)
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Speech Fluency A Clinical Study of Stuttering

• Foster Harrison, (submitted)
• Patient
• Developmental Nonfluent Aphasia
• NONFLUENT STUTTERING
• A CASE STUDY WITH QEEG

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Left Frontal Delta 2 Magnitude Quiet vs. Speech
M I C R O V O L T
QUIET SPEECH
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Left Right Frontal Delta 2 Magnitude Quiet vs.
Speech
M I C R O V O L T
QUIET SPEECH
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Design FluencyRight Frontal

• Foster, Williamson, Harrison, 2004
• Normal College Students (N 45)
• Ruff Figural Fluency Test
• Hi Fluency (N 15)
• Lo Fluency (N 15)
• QEEG Right Frontal Delta Magnitude
• Results
• Lo Fluency Increased Right Frontal Delta
  

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Foster Graphs

• SCAN

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Hostility FluencyVerbal Fluency vs. Design
Fluency

• Williamson Harrison, (2000 2004)
• HIGH HOSTILE
• Design Fluency----Increased Systole
• Verbal Fluency----Decreased Systole
• VERBAL FLUENCY
• Increased Systole in LOW HOSTILES
• Decreased Systole in HIGH HOSTILES

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Systolic Blood PressurePre Post Stress
Conditions
mm Hg
High Hostile
Low Hostile
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Perseverative ErrorsVerbal Fluency vs. Design
Fluency

• High Hostile Men
• More Perseverative Errors in Design Fluency
• High Hostile Men
• More Perseverative Errors Overall (Main Effect)

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PERSEVERATIVE ERRORS
M E A N E R R O R
GROUP
100
Planned Research

• OBESITY HEALTH
• Left Right Frontal
• Regulation of the Gut
• Design Fluency
• Verbal Fluency
• Should interfere with GI
• Digestion
• Should Interfere With Verbal Fluency In
  Men

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Hostility Self Awareness

• Demaree Harrison, 1997a
• Neuropsychology Review
• Less Aware of Role of Self in Anger
• Conclude Others Responsible
• Demaree Harrison, (pending)
• HIGH HOSTILE-Less Accurate Group ID

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Accuracy of Group Identification
a c c u r a c y
103
Hostility Self Awareness

• Emerson Harrison, 1990
• 45 Women
• Stroop Stressor
• Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale
• State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory
• Low Anger--------Low Denial
• High Anger--------Low Denial
• Low Anger--------High Denial

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High Hostile vs. Low Hostile

• GROUPS
• LOW ANGER--HIGH DENIAL
• Highest Reactivity
• HIGH ANGER--LOW DENIAL
• High Reactivity
• LOW ANGER--LOW DENIAL
• Stability

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Blood PressurePre Post Stress
C H A N G E
GROUP
106
Learning--Visual

• EKMANS AFFECTIVE FACES
• Harrison, Gorel, Cook
• RAPID PROCESSING OF HAPPY FACES
• SLOW PROCESSING OF ANGRY FACES

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LEARNINGVisualHappy vs. Angry Faces
108
LEARNING--Audition

• THE AAVLT
• AUDITORY AFFECT VERBAL LEARNING TEST
• Snyder Harrison, 1997
• Shenal Harrison, 2003
• Mollet Harrison, (Submitted)
• See Also Everhart, Demaree, Harrison, 2004
• Book Chapter in Psychology of Moods
• POSITIVE WORD LIST
• NEGATIVE WORD LIST
• NEUTRAL WORD LIST

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Sample Words Rated for Familiarity Affect
Intensity
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Familiarity Pleasantness RatingsToglia
Battig (1978)
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Emotional Learning Blood Pressure

• Snyder, Harrison, Shenal, 1997
• POSITIVE Decreased Blood Pressure
• NEGATIVE Increased Blood Pressure
• NEUTRAL No Change

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Mean Arterial Blood Pressure
M A P
mmHg
GROUP
Snyder, Harrison, Shenal, 1997
113
REPLICATION

• Shenal Harrison, 2003
• NEGATIVE LIST Increased Blood Pressure
• EXTENSION
• NEUTRAL SPEECH SOUNDS
• LOWERS B.P.
• SEX DIFFERENCES
• Higgins Harrison, (unpublished)

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Emotion Verbal Learning

• DOES HOSTILITY AFFECT VERBAL LIST LEARNING?
• Mollets Thesis
• THE AAVLT
• NEUTRAL
• POSITIVE
• NEGATIVE

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Gradual Learning Curve
F(4,176) 395.46, p lt .0001
Post hoc Comparisons Trial 1 M 2.20, SD
1.19, Trial 2 M 3.16, SD 1.21, Trial 3 M
3.71, SD 1.13 Trail 4 M 4.02, SD 1.00,
Trial 5 M 4.25, SD .94
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Primacy Recency Effects
F(2,88) 77.44, p lt .0001)
Post hoc Comparisons Beginning M 3.95, SD
1.08 Middle M 2.98, SD 1.47 End M 3.48,
SD 1.18
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Better Recall of Negative List
(F(2,88) 5.90, p lt .004)
Post hoc Comparisons Negative M 3.58, SD
1.38 Positive M 3.36, SD 1.26 Neutral M
3.47, SD 1.29
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Primacy Effect for Negative List
F (4,176) 13.79, p lt .0001
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High Hostiles Slow Verbal Learners of Neutral
Positive Words
Trial Low Hostile
Trial High Hostile
F (8,352) 2.47, p lt .02)
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Hi Hostiles Recall Negative Words Best
F(2,44) 5.55, p lt .01
Negative M 3.57, SD 1.37 Positive M
3.28, SD 1.21 Neutral M 3.39, SD 1.29
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Emotion Intensity QEEG

• DOES EMOTION INTENSITY VARY WITH CORTICAL
  ACTIVATION EEG?
• Foster Harrison, 2002

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Emotional MemorySubjective Anger Intensity
QEEG Beta Magnitude
Low Beta High Beta
Low Beta High Beta
MEN
WOMEN
Intensity of Emotion Correlates With Cerebral
Activation
Foster Harrison, 2002
123
Age of Emotional Memory QEEG

• Foster Harrison, 2003
• INSERT GRAPHS

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Cardiovascular Response QEEG

• CORTICAL ACTIVATION (EEG)
• CORRELATES WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE
• Foster Harrison, 2004
• Alpha Beta Magnitude Correlate With Heart Rate
  and Blood Pressure
• Especially Frontal and Temporal Sites

125

• Scan Foster Graphs here
• See my desk for copy

126
Demaree, Harrison, Rhodes (2000)

• We used quantitative electroencephalography
  (QEEG)
• Measures brain activation in MicroVolts

127
Hostility Quantitative EEG

• COLD PRESSOR STRESS
• CARDIOVASCULAR MEASURES
• QUANTITATIVE EEG
• Left Frontal......F7
• Left Temporal......T3
• Right Frontal....F8
• Right Temporal........T4

128
Heart Rate Pre Post Stress Condition
H E A R T R A T E
CONDITION
129
Systolic Blood PressurePre Post Stress
m m H g
CONDITION
130
QEEG Beta Magnitude By Electrode Site

B E T A M A G N I T U D E
131
A PROPOSED SYSTEM

• RIGHT ORBITOFRONTAL-
• Deactivate-Hostility
• Activate-Decreased Hostility
• (Butters, 1970)
• RIGHT ANTERIOR TEMPORAL-
• Activate-Hostility (Ursin, 1960)
• Deactivate-Placid ( Woods, 1956)

132
PROPOSED ROLE IN AUTONOMIC REGULATION

• RIGHT FRONTAL INHIBITION
• OVER LEFT VENTRICULAR REFLEX
• (Harrison, unpublished)
• RIGHT TEMPORAL REGION
• ACTIVATE-Sympathetic Arousal
• (Gatchel Barnes, 1989 Heilman-1993)
• DEACTIVATE-Sympathetic Hypoarousal
• Bland Affect (Heilman-, 1970)
• LEFT TEMPORAL-OPPOSITION

133
PROPOSED MECHANISMS

• Kinsbourne on Functional Cerebral Space
• Dual Task Interference for Shared Space
• HOSTILE Sympathetic Tone
• Dual Task
• Primary Task Anger
• Secondary Task Sympathetic Tone
• Stress Yields Sympathetic Disregulation

134

• NONHOSTILE Parasympathetic Tone
• Dual Task
• Primary Task Positive Affect
• Secondary Task Parasympathetic Tone

135
(No Transcript)
136
EXTRA SLIDES
137
EXTRA SLIDES
138
Smith (1994) On Hostility

• hostility connotes a devaluation of the worth
  and motives of others, an expectation that others
  are likely sources of wrong doing, a relational
  view of being in opposition toward others, and a
  desire to inflict harm or see others harmed
  (p.26).

139
A PROPOSED SYSTEM

• RIGHT ORBITOFRONTAL-
• DEACTIVATE- Increased Hostility
• ACTIVATE- Decreased Hostility
• RIGHT ANTERIOR TEMPORAL-
• ACTIVATE- Hostile (Ursin, 1960)
• DEACTIVATE- Placid (Woods, 1956)

140
PROPOSAL FOR AUTONOMIC REGULATION

• RIGHT TEMPORAL REGION
• ACTIVATE- Sympathetic Arousal
• (Gatchel Barnes, 1989 Heilman-1993)
• DEACTIVATE- Sympathetic Hypoarousal
• Bland Affect (Heilman-, 1970)
• LEFT TEMPORAL REGION
• ACTIVATE- Parasympathetic Arousal
• (Wittling, 2000)

141
The QuigmansRoanoke Times, 2002
142
Functional Systems ApproachVision
143
Functional Systems ApproachAudition
144
Functional Systems ApproachVestibular
145
Vestibular

• Park Harrison (in progress)
• Induced Vection (spinning drum)
• Activation of Right Temporal
• Sensation of Spinning to the Left
• Activation of Left Temporal
• Sensation of Spinning to the Right

146
Functional Systems ApproachSomatosensory
147
Functional Systems ApproachMotor Strength
148
Depressed Boys Grip Strength
GRI P kG
149
Depressed Women Left Hand Grip Strength
GR I P kG
T R I A L
150
Functional Systems ApproachFacial Motor Tone

• Left Frontal Right
  Frontal
• Right Hemiface Left Hemiface

151
Functional Systems ApproachFrontal Eye Fields
152
Hostility The Frontal Eye Fields

• Beck Harrison (in progress)
• Leftward Eye Movements
• Rightward Eye Movements
• Hypotheses
• Blood Pressure
• Behavior

153
Hostility LearningPositive vs. Negative Emotion

• Mollet Harrison, 2004

154
List (Cold Pressor Group)
Cold Pressor
F(2,44) 5.52, p lt .01
Negative M 3.68, SD 1.34 Neutral M 3.45,
SD 1.30 Positive M 3.40, SD 1.31
155
FUNCTIONAL BRAIN ASYMMETRY

• THE ALIEN-ARM SYNDROME
• LEFT BRAIN-
• LINGUISTIC LOGICAL ANALYSIS
• RIGHT BRAIN-
• EMOTION NEGATIVE EMOTION
• SPATIAL ANALYSIS

156
CLINICAL EXAMPLES

• AUDITORY AFFECT RECOGNITION
• I just won a million dollars
• My mom just died
• CONSTRUCTIONAL DRAWING
• Draw a clock
• Draw a picture of a clock

157
Draw a ClockDraw a Picture of a Clock
158
Ley and Brydon (1979)

• Found significant LVF (right cerebrum) bias for
  emotional valence recognition
• Subjects were quicker and more accurate in
  determining facial valence when presented to LVF

159
Strauss and Moscovitch (1981)

• Tachistoscopically presented 2 emotional faces to
  either LVF or RVF (40 men and 40 women)
• Subjects were significantly better at determining
  whether faces were of the same or different
  affect when presented to LVF
• Also quicker and more accurate in determining the
  facial valence within the LVF

160
Ley and Brydon (1979)

• Found significant LVF (right cerebrum) bias for
  emotional valence recognition
• Subjects were quicker and more accurate in
  determining facial valence when presented to LVF

161
TOTAL TIME LAUGHING OR SMILING
162
Delta 2 Magnitude During Quiet in Nonfluent
Dysphasia
M I C R O V O L T
ELECTRODE LOCATION
163
Delta 2 Magnitude During Speech in Nonfluent
Dysphasia
M I C R O V O L T
ELECTRODE LOCATION
164
Depressed Women Grip Fatigue
Kg.