Personal Growth

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Chapter 7 Personal Growth and Work Stress
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Objectives

• Describe the characteristics of adult development
• Explain Levinsons concept of life structures
• Recognize career anchors and their significance
• Describe the functions that mentors perform
• Identify trends in career management and planning
• Explain the transactional model of career stress
• Assess your current life-career situation and
  develop a plan for the future

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A plan is nothing planning is everything.
Eisenhower

• People who set clearly stated career goals are
  more likely to achieve them

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Levinsons Adult Development Model

• Leaving the family (16-23 yrs.)
• Getting into the adult world (26-33)
• Settling down and becoming ones own person
  (38-50)
• Restabilization and entering middle age (55-60)

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Levinsons Adult Development Model

• Task is to establish a life structure the
  pattern or design of a persons life
  appropriate for each stage of life
• Life structures remain stable for about 7 years
  and are reevaluated during transitional periods
• Transitions occur around 30, 40, and 50 years of
  age
• If very turbulent, they are called crises the
  midlife crisis

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The New Protean Career Contract

• Career managed by person, not organization
• Career as lifelong series of experiences, skills,
  learning, transitions, and identity changes
• Development is continuous learning,
  self-directed, relational, and found in work
  challenges

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Career Anchors - Defined

• Motivational, attitudinal, and value syndromes
  formed early in life that function to guide and
  constrain peoples careers

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Scheins Career Anchors

• Technical/Functional/Managerial Competence
• Security and Stability
• Creativity
• Entrepreneurship

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Scheins Career Anchors

• Autonomy and Independence
• Service
• Pure Challenge
• Lifestyle

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Four Patterns of Careers

• Linear progress through series of jobs that
  increase in authority and responsibility
• Steady-state/expert committed to a field or
  specialty field-related expertise
• Spiral move across disciplines from one field
  to a related one builds on old skills but also
  requires new skills
• Transitory frequent unrelated job changes

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How to Balance Dual Careers

• Limiting the impact of family on work (delay,
  subcontract)
• Taking turns (trade off career and child care)
• Participating in joint ventures (same career or
  same organization)
• Choosing independent careers (commute)
• Subordinating one career to the other (one
  partner takes a less demanding job or stays at
  home so the other can optimize career
  opportunities)

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Mentor - Defined

• A senior person within the organization who
  assumes responsibility for a junior person

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Benefits of Extensive Mentoring

• More promotions
• More highly paid
• High job satisfaction
• Especially helpful for
• minorities and women

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Career Functions of Mentors

• Sponsorship
• Exposure and Visibility
• Coaching
• Protection
• Challenging Assignment

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Psychosocial Functions of Mentors

• Role modeling
• Acceptance and confirmation
• Counseling
• Friendship

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Stress - Defined

• The nonspecific response of an organism to
  demands that tax or exceed its resources
• Three stages in the stress response
• Alarm
• Resistance
• Exhaustion

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Is Stress Good or Bad?

• Positive
• When it motivates us to work harder

• Negative
• When it exceeds our coping abilities and
  interferes with our ability to perform
• When it results in illness

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Major Causes of Work Stress

• Change
• Lack of control
• High workload

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Costs of Work Stress

• Decreased job satisfaction
• Decreased job performance
• Increased absenteeism
• Increased alcohol and drug abuse
• Illness

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Transactional Model of Career Stress
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Coping Strategies

• Direct action remove the stressor by changing
  the situation
• Cognitive reappraisal change the way we think
  about the stressor or situation
• Symptom management treat
• the stress reaction via
• exercise or meditation

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Balancing Work and Nonwork

• Design the organization and jobs to support
  employee growth and achievement
• Develop policies that support both work and
  personal life interests
• Recognize that the nature of work
  and careers have changed

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Tripod of Life Plan Perspectives
The Future
Life Plan
The Past
The Present
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