Part 8 Middle Adulthood

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Part 8 Middle Adulthood

• PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
• Physical Changes / Health and Fitness
• Adapting to the Physical Challenges of Midlife
• COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• Changes in mental Abilities / Information
  Processing
• Vocational Life and Cognitive Development
• Adult Learners Becoming a College Student in
  Midlife

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MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

• Middle age begins around age 40 and ends at about
  60.

40
60
MIDDLE Adulthood
Late Adulthood
A narrowing of life options and sense of a
sharing future as children leave home and career
paths become more determined
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• Middle adulthood is difficult to define.
• Wide variations in attitudes and behaviors exist.
• It is a product of modern times.
• Societal forces.

• Change occurs in manifold ways.
• Heredity and biological aging.
• Passing years combine with family, community, and
  cultural contexts.

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PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

• Obvious sign
• Hair grays and thins
• New lines appear on the face
• A less youthful
• Fuller body shape is evident and a change in time
  orientation from years since

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Obscure sign

• Getting a fatal disease
• Being too ill
• Losing mental

Many middle-aged adults fail to mention realistic
alternative as central life goals ---- becoming a
more physically fit person and developing into a
healthy, energetic older adult.
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VISION

• The lens loses its capacity to adjust to object
  at varying distances entirely. (presbyopia)
  ??
• Changes limit ability to see clearly in dim
  light.
• Yellowing of the lens and increasing density of
  the vitreous limit color discrimination,especially
  at the green-blue-violet end of the spectrum.

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?LIFE ??????? ??
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HEARING

• Presbycusis ?????
• ? inner-ear structures that transform mechanical
  sound waves into neural impulses deteriorate due
  to natural cell death or reduced blood supply as
  a result of atherosclerosis.
• The sign is a sharp hearing loss at high
  frequencies.

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10
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Mens hearing declines earlier and at a faster
rate than womens.
?
To exposure to environmental noise.

• Hearing aids.

• Avoiding intense noise.

• Using ear plugs.

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SKIN

• (1) the epidermis (??)
• Outer protective layer
• (2) the dermis (??)
• Middle supportive layer
• (3) the hypodermis (??)
• An inner fatty layer

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In the thirties
wrinkle loosen

• Smiling

• Furrowing the brow

• Other facial expression

In the forties
crows - feet
Loses elasticity and begins to sag, especially on
the face arms and legs.
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After age 50
age spots
Sun exposure
?individuals who have spent much time outdoors
without proper skin protection look older than
their contemporaries.
?the dermis of women is not as thick as that men,
womens skin ages more quickly.
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MUSCLE - FAT MAKEUP

• middle - age spread
• ?Size of the abdomen increase 6 to 16 percent in
  men, 25 to 35 percent in women from early through
  middle adulthood.
• SEX DIFFERENCE
• Men accumulate more on the back and upper
  abdomen, women around the waist and upper arms.
• Large weight gain and loss of muscle power are
  not inevitable, since continued exercise offsets
  these changes.

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SKELETON

• A gradual loss in bone mass that begins in the
  late thirties and accelerates in the fifties,
  especially among women.
• Reduction in bone density during adulthood is
  substantial ---- about 8 to 12 percent for men,
  20 to 30 percent for women.
• Height may drop by as much as 1 inch by age 60.

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• The weakened bone cannot support as much load.
• ?Fracture more easily.
• ?Heal more slowly.

? exercise and adequate calcium intake
When bone loss is very great, it leads to a
debilitating disorder called osteoporosis.
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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• REPRODUCTIVE CHANGES IN WOMEN.
• womens climacteric
• During the production of estrogen drops.
• Menopause ---
• The end of menstruation and reproductive
  capacity.
• From 42 to 58
• Estrogen declines further.

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HRT(hormone replacement therapy)

• Involving daily doses of estrogen, for
  postmenopausal women.

• ADVANTAGES
• Protection against bone deterioration
• Protection against cardiovascular disease
• A reduction in certain discomforts of the
  climacteric
• Memory and other aspects of cognition.

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• PROBLEM
• ESTROGEN
• ?
• An increase cancer of the endomentrium
• ??
• ESTROGEN PROGESTERONE
• ?
• An increase in incidence of breast cancer

Life style changes
?good diet ?regular exercise ?avoidance of smoking
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WOMENS PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONS TO MENOPAUSE
How do women react to menopause

• POSITIVE
• NEGATIVE

?Social belief, practices.
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• REPRODUCTIVE CHANGES IN MEN.
• Reproductive capacity in men diminishes but is
  retained.
• No male counterpart to menopause exists.
• Testosteron production remains stable throughout
  adulthood in healthy men.