POLITICAL STRATEGY AND PHILANTHROPY

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POLITICAL STRATEGYANDPHILANTHROPY

• RICHARD F. ELMORE
• GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
• HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• EDUCATION GRANTMAKERS
• JUNE 2005

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TYPES OF POLICIES AND THEIR POLITICS
BENEFITS
DIFFUSE
CONCENTRATED
DIFFUSE
PUBLIC GOODS
CLIENTELE
COSTS
CONCENTRATED
REDISTRIBUTIVE
DISTRIBUTIVE
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TYPES OF POLICIES AND THEIR POLITICS
BENEFITS
DIFFUSE
CONCENTRATED
PUBLIC GOODS
CLIENTELE
MOBILIZE SUPPORTIVE CONSTITUENCIES, WITHOUT
MOBILIZING OPPOSITION
TRANSFER BENEFITS WITH MINIMUM COUNTER-MOBILIZATIO
N
DIFFUSE
COSTS
REDISTRIBUTIVE
DISTRIBUTIVE
COUNTER EXISTING CONSTITUENCIES WITH MOBILIZATION
USE EXISTING INSTITUTIONS TO CONTROL COUNTER-
MOBILIZATION
CONCENTRATED
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EXECUTIVE
IRON TRIANGLES
INTEREST GROUPS
LEGISLATIVE
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CONSTITUENCIES
POLICY NETWORKS
EXECUTIVE
MOBILIZATION
INTEREST GROUPS
COALITIONS
LEGISLATIVE
MEDIA
RD
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WHERE DOES PHILANTHROPY FIT?
CONSTITUENCIES
COALITION POLITICS?
EXECUTIVE
REFRAMING THE POLITICAL AGENDA?
MOBILIZATION
NEW KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE?
INTEREST GROUPS
COALITIONS
LEGISLATIVE
MEDIA
RD
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HOW POLICY NETWORKS OPERATE

• NO NECESSARY, SEQUENTIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
  PROBLEMS, POLICIES, AND POLITICS
• A PROBLEM IS NOT A PROBLEM UNTIL IT HAS A
  CONSTITUENCY AND A SPONSOR
• ISSUE/ATTENTION CYCLES DRIVE POLICYMAKING
• POLICY WINDOWS CONVERGENCE OF PROBLEMS,
  POLICIES, AND POLITICS
• DIFFERENT ACTORS/INSTITUTIONS HAVE DIFFERENT
  COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES
• EFFECTIVE COALITIONS DRAW ON DIVERSE COMPETENCIES
• THE POLICY CYCLE DEFINES ALTERNATIVE PIONTS OF
  ENTRY

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THE POLICY CYCLE
POLICY
POLITICS
PROBLEMS
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SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR OPERATING IN POLICY
NETWORKS

• EXCHANGE AND RECIPROCITY THINGS FOR THINGS
• ELECTORAL CREDIT
• BRAND IDENTITY
• ACCESS
• CONSTITUENCY BENEFITS
• MULTIPLE POINTS OF ACCESS
• MULTIPLE STRATEGIES OF INFLUENCE
• MULTIPLE CONSTITUENCIES REQUIRE MULTIPLE TYPES OF
  MOBILIZATION
• DIRECT AND INDIRECT STRATEGIES OF INFLUENCE
• DIFFERENT POLICIES ENTAIL DIFFERENT TYPES OF
  POLITICS