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Communities of Color

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Notable Campaigns in Communities of Color. Las Cruces, NM. Albany, GA. Bethel, AK. El Paso, TX ... Effective strategy and dynamic campaign. Effective organizers ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Communities of Color


1
Communities of Color Clean Indoor Air
PoliciesChallenges Opportunities
  • Elva Yañez
  • The Praxis Project
  • November 2002

2
Overview
  • Research Findings
  • Analysis Interpretation
  • Challenges to Overcome
  • Recommendations Tactics
  • Recommendations Data
  • Policy Advocacy Framework
  • Grassroots Approach
  • Conclusions

3
Research
  • Secondhand Smoke (SHS)
  • Exposure Rates Among
  • Racial/Ethnic Groups

4
SHS Exposure Data SourcesSource CDC Tobacco
Information andPrevention Source (TIPS)
  • Adult Tobacco Survey (State)
  • Adult Use of Tobacco Survey (National)
  • Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
    (State)
  • Current Population Survey (National State)
  • National Health Nutrition Examination Survey
    (National)
  • National Youth Tobacco Survey (National)
  • Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System
    (State)
  • Youth Tobacco Survey (State)

5
Surgeon Generals Report on Tobacco Use Among
U.S. Racial /Ethnic Minority Groups (1998)
  • Data on exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
    (ETS) among members of U.S. racial/ethnic
    minority groups are extremely limited.
  • Despite the number of data sets with SHS data and
    the passage of five years, this assessment
    remains true

6
SHS Exposure ResearchCurrent Population Survey
  • Continuous monthly survey of 100,000 American
    workers, focusing on labor force indicators for
    the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
  • Tobacco Use Supplement developed by NCI assessed,
    among other things, presence restrictiveness of
    workplace smoking policies in 1993, 1996 and
    1999.
  • Universe included African Americans, Latinos,
    Asian/Pacific Islanders and Native Americans

7
Smokefree Workplace Policy CoverageSource
Current Population Survey 1995-1996,
1998-1999Prepared by California Dept. of Health
Services, Tobacco Control Section, January, 2002
8
SHS Exposure Research Current Population Survey
Findings
  • Among the various racial/ethnic groups, American
    Indians and Latinos are less likely to be covered
    by a complete smokefree workplace policy than
    other racial/ethnic groups
  • Inequities in exposure are persistent over time
  • Findings consistent with California Tobacco
    Survey data

9
Understanding High Rates of Exposure to
Secondhand Smoke Among People of Color
  • Many white collar workplaces go smokefree
    voluntarily blue collar and service
    industrieswhere large numbers of people of color
    are employedare less likely to do so
  • Local and state clean indoor air laws often
    exempt restaurants and bars, hotel/motel
    industry, warehouses, etc.

10
Understanding High Rates of Exposure to
Secondhand Smoke Among People of Color
  • Workplace power dynamics, compounded in some
    cases by immigration status or language
    difficulties, present barriers to seeking
    protections against SHS in the workplace
  • Lack of resources to support clean indoor air
    policy advocacy infrastructure and activity in
    communities of color

11
Research
  • Opinion Data on
  • Secondhand Smoke
  • Clean Indoor Air Policies

12
Data Sources Source Surgeon Generals Report on
Tobacco Use Among U.S. Racial /Ethnic Minority
Groups
  • Current Population Survey
  • ABC News/Washington Post (Roper Center for Public
    Opinion Research, 1993)
  • California Tobacco Survey
  • Market Strategies

13
SHS Opinion Research Market Strategies Public
Opinion Poll
  • Funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
    conducted in 2002 by Market Strategies to provide
    a basis for message development by the Campaign
    for Tobacco Free Kids and Americans for
    Nonsmokers Rights
  • Universe of 905 individuals over sampling of
    African Americans (101) and Latinos (103)

14
Market Strategies Survey Findings Hazard vs.
Annoyance
  • Compared to White voters, African American and
    Latino voters are more likely to believe that
    secondhand smoke is more of a health hazard than
    an annoyance

15
Would you say that secondhand smoke is more of a
health hazard, or more of an annoyance to people?
Source Market Strategies Survey, 2002
Health Hazard or Annoyance
16
Market Strategies Survey Findings Occupational
Risks
  • More so than White voters, African American and
    Latino voters believe that secondhand smoke is a
    serious health hazard for hospitality and office
    workers

17
Here are some situations where people may be
exposed to SHS. For each situation would you say
that SHS is a serious health hazard, a moderate
health hazard, a minor health hazard or not a
health hazard Source Market Strategies Survey,
2002
Occupational Risks
18
Market Strategies Survey Findings Workers Rights
  • More so than White voters, African American and
    Latino voters believe that waiters and other
    restaurant workers have no choice about SHS
    exposure and deserve the same protections as
    other workers

19
A. Waiters other restaurant employees have no
choice about exposure to SHS deserve the same
workplace protections afforded to others.B.
Waiters other restaurant employees have a
choice as to where they work, know when they
apply for a job that they will be exposed to SHS
and should make employment decisions with that in
mind.Source Market Strategies Survey, 2002
Workers Rights
20
Market Strategies Survey Findings Nonsmokers
Rights
  • More so than White voters, African American and
    Latino voters believe that it is the right of
    nonsmokers to breathe clean air where they shop,
    work and eat

21
A. Although SHS is a serious health hazard, most
people are not exposed long enough to cause
problems.B. Although many people are not exposed
to SHS for long periods, even a small amount is
hazardous and it is the right of nonsmokers to
breathe clean air.Source Market Strategies
Survey, 2002
Nonsmokers Rights
22
Market Strategies Survey Findings Support
forSmokefree Laws
  • Support for laws prohibiting smoking in indoor
    places (workplaces, public places and
    restaurants) is stronger among African American
    and Latino voters than White voters.

23
Would you support or oppose a law that would
prohibit smoking in most indoor places, including
workplaces, public buildings and restaurants, but
excluding bars? Source Market Strategies
Survey, 2002
Support For Smokefree Laws
Ethnicity
Gender
Total numbers are rounded
24
Market Strategies Survey Findings Government
Responsibility
  • White voters prefer municipal smokefree policies
    while African American and Latino voters favor
    state smokefree policies

25
Which level of government should be mainly
responsible for setting smoking policies for
public places, including workplaces and
restaurants the state government or the local
government? Source Market Strategies Survey,
2002
Support For Smokefree Laws
26
Research
  • Other Relevant Data

27
Supportive Research FindingsSource California
Tobacco Surveys, California Dept. of Health
Services, Tobacco Control Section, 1992-999
  • The California Tobacco Survey found higher rates
    of smokefree homes among Latinos and
    Asian/Pacific Islanders than Whites and African
    Americans.

28
Children and Adolescents Living in Smokefree
Homes, by Race/Ethnicity Source California
Tobacco Surveys, California Dept. of Health
Services, Tobacco Control Section, 1992-999
29
Supportive Research FindingsSource Legacy First
Look Report 6 Youth Exposure to Environmental
Tobacco Smoke, American Legacy Foundation, 1999
  • American Legacy Foundation research (1999
    National Youth Tobacco Survey and the Legacy
    Media Tracking Survey) found that Latino youth
    have the least amount of home-based SHS exposure,
    followed by Whites and African Americans.

30
Analysis of Research Findings
  • Disproportionate rates of occupational SHS
    exposure for specific communities of color even
    with improvements in coverage over time,
    inequities persist
  • There are significant cultural differences in the
    understanding of
  • health risks associated with secondhand smoke
  • workers rights and nonsmokers rights
  • support for smokefree laws
  • role of government in protecting the public from
    the dangers of secondhand smoke

31
Analysis of Research Findings
  • Data suggest the greatest need regarding
    occupational SHS exposure in many African
    American and Latino communities may be policy
    advocacy infrastructure and capacity building,
    not education
  • Data support the allocation of resources for
    smokefree policy initiatives in Latino and
    African American communities
  • Cultural differences in attitudes and beliefs
    reinforce the need for culturally competent
    organizing strategies, tactics, and media
    messages

32
Unrealized Opportunity
  • Strong support for clean indoor air policies
    coupled with high rates of exposure provide a
    significant opportunity for organizing around the
    issue of secondhand smoke in communities of color
  • Nonetheless

33
Tobacco Controls Challenge
  • Communities of color have not received the
    support and resources to build infrastructure,
    organize and mobilize for effective clean indoor
    air campaigns
  • Mainstream coalitions have convincingly
    demonstrated that sustained support and resources
    are pre-requisites to successful action on this
    issue.

34
Notable Campaigns in Communities of Color
  • Las Cruces, NM
  • Albany, GA
  • Bethel, AK
  • El Paso, TX

35
Other Challenges to Overcome
  • Competing priorities with regard to social and
    health issues
  • Exclusive institutional structures (govt
    agencies, funder requirements, independent sector
    organizations, mainstream coalitions)
  • Limited available data specific to racial/ethnic
    groups (lack of state specific data, data
    regarding non-voters, etc.)
  • Tobacco industry sponsorship philanthropy

36
Culturally Competent OrganizingRecommended
Tactics
  • Frame tobacco control as a window of opportunity
    for community empowerment
  • Frame secondhand smoke exposure in the workplace
    as a workers rights / health justice issue
  • Use workplace exposure data to support health
    justice framing
  • Use home exposure public opinion data to
    reinforce cultural strengths

37
Culturally Competent OrganizingRecommended
Tactics
  • Encourage partnership with mainstream coalitions
    (dialogue struggle)
  • Hire culturally competent organizers
  • Recruit long time, savvy activists and organizers
    to mobilize existing groups
  • Recruit individuals with compelling impact
    stories
  • Be willing to share power and resources

38
Data Recommendations
  • Analyze existing data sets to provide
    racial/ethnic SHS exposure rates in specific
    settings over time

39
Data Recommendations with Policy Implications
  • Enhance secondhand smoke exposure data collection
    activities
  • Conduct national state surveys specifically on
    workplace exposure
  • Over sample on all racial/ethnic groups and
    subgroups
  • Investigate relevant cultural political issues
    (e.g., language, acculturation, country of
    origin, voting history, community involvement,
    etc.)
  • Look to the California Tobacco Survey as a
    potential prototype

40
A Framework for Success
  • Legislated vs. voluntary policies
  • Community change vs. individual change
  • Local vs. state policies
  • Grassroots vs. grass tops approach

41
Policy Advocacy Process
  • Community-level education
  • Grassroots organizing
  • Leadership development
  • Public debate / Media coverage
  • Community mobilization
  • Opposition push-back
  • Legislative action

42
A Proven Solution
  • Educate, organize and empower individuals and
    organizations affected by the problem
  • Develop, implement and be prepared to defend
    effective policies to reduce, prevent or
    eliminate the problem

43
Organize grassroots Develop/demonstrate
authentic people power Overcome special
interests Achieve policy goals protect
victories
44
Results in...
  • Change in cultural norms, community standards and
    environments
  • Significant public support for strong, effective
    local policy

45
Health Outcomes
  • Reductions in rates of disease and death
  • Nonsmokers protected from health risks associated
    with secondhand smoke
  • De-normalization of tobacco use
  • Adults quit smoking
  • Youth dont start
  • Stronger, healthier communities
  • Skilled advocates

46
Purpose of Organizing--Anthony Thigpen,
A.G.E.N.D.A. (Action for Grassroots Economic
Neighborhood Development Alternatives)
  • To assist people in moving themselves
  • from a point of perceived powerlessness and
    ineffective/non-productive action
  • to a point of recognized/realized powerfulness
    and effective constructive action

47
Purpose of Organizing--Anthony Thigpen,
A.G.E.N.D.A. (Action for Grassroots Economic
Neighborhood Development Alternatives)
  • The grassroots approach assumes that the affected
    community knows
  • the issues / appropriate actions
  • problems / salient solutions
  • questions/ adequate answers

48
And that.
  • The community has the fundamental right and
    inherent capability to define and describe what
    it knows, and determine the direction needed to
    deal with the issues at hand.

49
Success Factors--Adapted from Anthony Thigpen,
A.G.E.N.D.A.
  • Compelling issue
  • Sufficient grassroots base of support (organized
    and educated)
  • Strategic coalition building (representative
    relevant)
  • Effective strategy and dynamic campaign
  • Effective organizers
  • Ability to effectively expose and counter
    opposition tactics

50
Conclusions
  • Until recently, the strong support and natural
    constituency of communities of color for clean
    indoor air policies has gone untapped
  • To achieve long-term sustainable success, the
    tobacco control movement must invest adequate
    resourcestime, money, people, and
    expertisedirectly into these communities to
    organize, build capacity and infrastructure, and
    advocate for policy change

51
Conclusions
  • Timely, relevant data enhances advocates ability
    to organize and mobilize communities on an issue,
    and provides necessary support for strong,
    effective policies
  • Addressing disparities is not only the right
    thing to do, it is an important strategic means
    to reach our common policy goals

52
Our Job is to Move People
  • If you want to move people, it has to be toward
    a vision thats positive for them, that taps
    important values, that gets them something that
    they desire, and it has to be presented in a
    compelling way that they feel inspired to
    follow.
  • --Martin Luther King, Jr.

53
  • Sí se puede!
  • --Cesar Chavez
  • For more information, contact
  • www.thepraxisproject.org
  • eyanez_at_thepraxisproject.org
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