ECOSYSTEMS

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• ECOSYSTEMS
• Cycles

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An ecosystem is a collection of all the organisms
that live in a particular place, together with
their nonliving, or physical, environment.
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Figure 54.1 An overview of ecosystem dynamics
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Figure 54.3 Primary production of different
ecosystems
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Figure 54.4 Regional annual net primary
production for Earth
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Figure 54.10 Energy partitioning within a link
of the food chain
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Figure 54.11 An idealized pyramid of net
production
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Figure 54.12 Pyramids of biomass (standing crop)
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Figure 54.13 A pyramid of numbers
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Figure 54.14 Food energy available to the human
population at different trophic levels
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Figure 53.10 Examples of terrestrial and marine
food chains
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Figure 53.11 An Antarctic marine food web
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Metropark Food Web
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Great Lakes Food Web
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Biomagnification

• Bioaccumulation
• The moving of pollutants (PCBs, DDT, dioxins,
  etc.) through food chains and food webs, with the
  chemicals increasing higher up the chain .

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Figure 54.24 Weve changed our tune
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Figure 54.25 Biological magnification of DDT in
a food chain
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Most DDT?
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Ohio Fish Advisory
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2008 Ohio Fish Advisory (PDF)
Ohio Fish Advisory

• 2008 Advisory by County (Web Page)

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CYCLES

• Ecology - The study of the interaction of living
  things with each other and the environment.
• Four important elements or compounds that are
  cycled or re-cycled in the environment
• Water Carbon Nitrogen - Phosphorous

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Figure 54.16 The water cycle
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Figure 54.17 The carbon cycle
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Figure 54.18 The nitrogen cycle
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Figure 54.19 The phosphorous cycle
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Environmental Problems

• Global warming
• Acid Rain
• Ozone depletion

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The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide and
average temperatures from 1958 to 2000
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Figure 54.27a Erosion of Earths ozone shield
The ozone hole over the Antarctic
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Figure 54.27b Erosion of Earths ozone shield
Thickness of the ozone layer
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THE END!