Workshop Agenda

1
Workshop Agenda
Model Overview Model history and features Computational method Trajectories versus concentration Code installation Model operation Example calculations Updating HYSPLIT Meteorological Data Data requirements Forecast data FTP access Analysis data FTP access Display grid domain Vertical profile Contour data Examples 1-5 Particle Trajectory Methods Trajectory computational method Trajectory example calculation trajectory model configuration Trajectory error Multiple trajectories Terrain height Meteorological analysis along a trajectory Vertical motion options Pollutant Plume Simulations Modeling particles or puffs Concentration prediction equations Turbulence equations Dispersion model configuration Defining multiple sources Simulations using emission grids Concentration and particle display options Converting concentration data to text files Example local scale dispersion calculation Special Topics Automated trajectory calculations Trajectory cluster analysis Concentration ensembles Chemistry conversion modules Pollutant deposition Source attribution using back trajectory analysis Source attribution using source-receptor matrices Source attribution functions GIS Shapefile output KML/KMZ output Customizing map labels Scripting for automated operations Extra Topics Modeling PM10 emissions from dust storms Restarting the model from a particle dump file
2
Data Requirements

• File characteristics and projection
• HYSPLIT requires that meteorological data fields
  be
• projected on a conformal map projection (Polar
  Stereographic, Lambert, or Mercator) or a regular
  latitude-longitude grid,
• organized with one record per variable per level
  and all records must have the same record length,
  
• written in a forward time sequence.
• More details on the format and packing of the
  meteorological data can be found in the HYSPLIT
  User's Guide.
• The \exec directory contains several command line
  programs (chk_data, chk_rec) that can be used to
  analyze a HYSPLIT compatible meteorological data
  file. chk_file has been incorporated into a
  HYSPLIT GUI under the Meteorology / Display Data
  menu.

3
Data Requirements

• Running Check File prompts the user for the
  location of a HYSPLIT compatible dataset. (Note
  its best to store all HYSPLIT compatible data
  sets in a directory whose name does not contain
  spaces as these can sometimes confuse the TCL
  scripts).

A sample of section 1 of the full output from
Check File (chk_file) is shown (right) for the 12
km NAM forecast file from December 19, 2005, 1200
UTC. (Note the source code for chk_file can be
found in \examples\source and can be used to
develop other programs that need to read the
meteorological data).
4
Data Requirements

• Meteorological Variables
• A unique 4-character string identifies
  meteorological variables.
• Minimum requirements to run the model are the U
  and V wind components (UWND, VWND), ambient
  temperature (TEMP), height (HGTS) of the data
  level (if on pressure coordinates), and the
  surface pressure (PRSS).
• A sample extract of section 2 of the chk_file
  program is shown below for the NAM 12 km dataset
  for levels between the surface and 925 hPa.

Index Level Variable listing and
checksum values..... 5 925.0000 7
UWND 108 VWND 236 HGTS 230 TEMP 123 WWND 82
RELH 20 TKEN 47 4 950.0000 7
UWND 147 VWND 129 HGTS 103 TEMP 89 WWND 155
RELH 121 TKEN 86 3 975.0000 7
UWND 47 VWND 209 HGTS 178 TEMP 193 WWND 125
RELH 252 TKEN 82 2 1000.0000 7
UWND 49 VWND 234 HGTS 138 TEMP 124 WWND 234
RELH 62 TKEN 198 1 0.0000 14
SHGT 101 MSLP 235 TPP3 184 CPP3 184 T02M
215 RH2M 41 U10M 119
V10M 212 PRSS 53 LHTF 120
SHTF 206 USTR 215 RGHS 177 DSWF 194
5
Data Requirements

• Data Records
• Each data record is composed of a 50 byte ASCII
  header portion, describing the data packing,
  followed by the packed data of length (IJ
  bytes).
• One-byte per element difference packing is used
  for all data fields.
• The first data record (INDX) of each time period
  contains information on the variables, levels,
  grid, and checksums to follow.
• An extract of the final section from chk_file is
  shown below for the NAM 12 km data set.

YYMMDDHHFHLLGG FLD EXP PRECISION VAR(1,1)
1 5121912 0 099 INDX 0 0.0000000E00
0.0000000E00 2 5121912 0 099 SHGT 11
0.8062992E01 0.0000000E00 3 5121912 0
099 MSLP 4 0.6299213E-01 0.1016970E04
4 5121912 0 099 TPP3 1 0.7874016E-02
0.0000000E00 5 5121912 0 099 CPP3 1
0.7874016E-02 0.0000000E00 6 5121912 0
099 T02M 4 0.6299213E-01 0.2983304E03
7 5121912 0 099 RH2M 6 0.2519685E00
0.8621770E02 8 5121912 0 099 U10M 4
0.6299213E-01 -0.7976649E01 9 5121912 0
099 V10M 4 0.6299213E-01 0.1462120E01
10 5121912 0 099 PRSS 7 0.5039370E00
0.1017162E04 11 5121912 0 099 LHTF
9 0.2015748E01 -0.1431365E03 12 5121912
0 099 SHTF 9 0.2015748E01 -0.1035156E02
13 5121912 0 099 USTR -25 0.1173320E-09
0.1000000E00 14 5121912 0 099 RGHS -2
0.9842520E-03 0.1590000E-04 15 5121912 0
099 DSWF 7 0.5039370E00 0.0000000E00
16 5121912 0 199 UWND 4
0.6299213E-01 -0.9166061E01 17 5121912 0
199 VWND 4 0.6299213E-01 0.1795837E01
18 5121912 0 199 HGTS 5 0.1259843E00
0.1470268E03 19 5121912 0 199 TEMP
4 0.6299213E-01 0.2967743E03 20 5121912
0 199 WWND -6 0.6151575E-04 0.8997059E-03
21 5121912 0 199 RELH 6 0.2519685E00
0.8856895E02 22 5121912 0 199 TKEN
4 0.6299213E-01 0.5000000E00 23 5121912
0 299 UWND 4 0.6299213E-01 -0.9460953E01
24 5121912 0 299 VWND 4 0.6299213E-01
0.1790451E01 ........
Definitions YYMMDDHH date/time (UTC) FH
forecast hour LL vertical level GG grid
number FLD field label EXP scaling
exponent PREC precision of packed
data VAR(1,1) data value at (1,1)
6
Forecast Data FTP Access

• Forecast Data
• There are 2 options under the Forecast Data FTP
  menu tab for retrieving forecast meteorological
  data in HYSPLIT compatible format ARL Current
  and ARL ASEAN. ARL Current will be discussed in
  the next slide. ARL ASEAN is an extract of the
  current GFS forecast over the southeast Asia
  region. All meteorological data are retrieved
  from the Air Resources Laboratory's FTP server.
• Only the most recent forecast run (cycle) is
  available for each meteorological model. The
  menu option to Set Server allows the user to
  modify the location of the ftp servers used by
  the HYSPLIT GUI and the menu User Defined, used
  in conjunction with the Set Server option, allows
  the user to define other meteorological data sets
  for use from other FTP servers.

7
Forecast Data FTP Access

• ARL Current
• The forecast data on the ARL server covers 3
  domains
• North America
• NAM (North American Mesoscale - 12 and 40 km
  and Alaska),
• RUC (Rapid Update Cycle - 20 km),
• AFWAMM5 (Air Force Weather Agency MM5 - 15 and
  45 km).
• N and S Hemispheres on polar-stereographic grids
• GFS-NH (Global Forecast System - northern
  hemisphere),
• GFS-SH (Global Forecast System - southern
  hemisphere),
• Global latitude-longitude grids
• GFS - 1 degree, 3 hourly to 3.5 days,
• GFSX - 1 degree, 6 hourly to 7.5 days,
• GFSLR - 2.5 degree, 12 hourly from 8 to 16
  days.

Prior to selecting Get Data File, a valid Email
address should be entered into the password
field. A percent complete message will appear
indicating the FTP is in progress. Another
message will appear when the FTP process is
complete. More information on the forecast
meteorological data can be found on the READY
website.
8
Analysis Data FTP Access

• Analysis Data FTP
• There are 3 options under the Analysis Data FTP
  menu tab for retrieving analysis meteorological
  data in HYSPLIT compatible format from the ARL
  FTP server.
• ARL Current - a blend of initialization and
  short-term forecast data from the NAM or GFS over
  the past 2 days
• ARL Archive - longer term archives (discussed in
  more detail on the next slide)
• Reanalysis - access to monthly 2.5 degree
  NCAR/NCEP files from 1948 to end of last year
• Set Server - modify the location of the ftp
  servers used by the HYSPLIT GUI.

9
Analysis Data FTP Access

• ARL Archive
• The data on the ARL server covers 4 geographic
  domains the EDAS/NAM for North America, the GFS
  final analysis (FNL) for the northern and
  southern hemispheres, and the GDAS for the globe.
  
• The EDAS (now called NDAS) is available on a
  reduced resolution (80 km) grid prior to January
  2004. Thereafter, the EDAS is available only at
  the 40 km spatial resolution.
• The NAMs is a daily high-resolution (12 km, sigma
  level) analysis made from the daily forecasts.
• The EDAS and FNL files are selected according the
  to year and half-month (001 for days 1 to 15 and
  002 for days 16 to the end).
• The GDAS files are weekly with the week of the
  month represented by numbers 1 to 5.

Prior to selecting Get Data File, a valid Email
address should be entered into the password
field. A percent complete message will appear
indicating the FTP is in progress. Another
message will appear when the FTP process is
complete.
10
Display Data Menu

• There are four options under the Display Data
  menu tab
• Check File - display information about
  meteorological data set (discussed previously),
• Contour Map - contour and map meteorological data
  fields,
• Text Profile - a vertical profile text listing of
  all meteorological variables at a selected point,
• Grid Domain - a map of the spatial domain of the
  meteorological data set grid.

11
Meteorological Grid Domain

• Grid Domain
• Grid Domain creates a Postscript graphic of the
  meteorological data set domain, which can be
  useful to determine the area covered by a data
  set.
• The domain can be displayed by selecting a
  meteorological data file. In the example below,
  the 40 km lambert-conformal projection of the NAM
  model was chosen. (keep data files in a directory
  without spaces in the name).
• For this example, every fourth grid point is
  displayed (set the grid point plotting interval
  to 4) and latitude-longitude lines are drawn
  every 5 degrees (set lat-lon interval to 5).

12
Convert PostScript

• Under the Meteorology, Trajectory, and
  Concentration menus there is a submenu item
  called Utility Programs. Utility programs that
  are specific to each main menu reside in this
  submenu. In every Utility Program sub-menu there
  is a program called Convert Postscript that can
  be used to convert the Postscript graphic into
  other graphic formats such as gif, jpg, bmp, etc.
• The Convert Postscript menu will display the last
  created Postscript filename. If this is not the
  desired graphic to convert, it should be replaced
  with the appropriate name. The output file
  extension (gif, jpg, bmp, etc) represents the
  conversion format. The conversion process uses
  Ghostscript to read the Postscript file and
  ImageMagick to convert that file to a variety of
  other supported formats (conversion to gif is the
  default). The slider bar determines the size of
  the output graphic in pixels per inch. The
  checkboxes permit the creation of a multiframe
  animation in one file or multiple output files if
  the "Frames" option has been checked. The "Crop"
  option eliminates the white space around the
  graphic. However this option may produce
  inconsistent results in conjunction with the
  animation feature.

13
Vertical Meteorological Profile

• The Text Profile program creates a simple text
  based listing of the meteorological data vertical
  profile at a selected latitude-longitude point.
  In this example (right), the NAM 40km data set
  was selected with default values for offset and
  increment (zeros indicate that only the first
  time period is displayed). The profile location
  was chosen at 40N, 90W.
• The data are shown for the nearest grid point
  location (no temporal or spatial interpolation).
  The location grid index (I,J) is indicated in
  parenthesis next to the lat-lon position. The
  first row shows the surface variables.
  Subsequent rows show the upper-level data, in
  this case by pressure level. The leftmost columns
  show the data directly from the file, while on
  the right side ambient temperatures have been
  converted to potential temperature and wind
  components have been rotated from the native grid
  to true compass direction. In this case they are
  almost identical because the location chosen was
  near the center of the grid. The leftmost
  coordinate is pressure as taken from the index
  (INDX) record. In other coordinate systems the
  program computes a height. This program can be
  useful in validating the data when investigating
  a problem with a HYSPLIT calculation.

14
Contour Meteorological Data

• Contour Map
• Creates a Postscript graphic of a meteorological
  variable on a horizontal map.
• In this example (right) the NAM 40 km data set
  was chosen with default values for Time offset
  and Time increment. (Zeros indicate only the
  first time period is to be displayed.)
• Zeros for Map center location sets the default
  map to be the center of the data grid (40N, 90W
  in this example.
• Negative values for the Contour maximum and Delta
  force the automatic contour scaling.
• All possible meteorological variables are NOT
  shown, nor may a data file contain all the
  variables in the selection list. More options
  are available from the command line version of
  the program called display.exe.
• In this example, wind velocity vectors were
  plotted for data level 2 (1000 hPA).
• Velocity vectors are shown at every grid point
  over the domain selected for display in this
  case a map with a Radius of 5 degrees latitude.
• The 11 in parenthesis after the variable symbol
  VECT indicates that the maximum wind speed
  vector on the map was 11 m/s.