CHAPTER 7 (addition)

1
CHAPTER 7(addition)

• Hygiene
• Objective examining how to ensure hygiene in the
  hotel through efficient housekeeping operations

2
Hygiene

• The consideration of infection control and the
  development of a hygiene policy should be an
  important part of the housekeeping department.
• The first step in infection control plan is
• to identify areas of potential risk
• to examine the infection cycle
• to consider control measures

3
The Infection Cycle

• The infection cycle consists of
• a source
• a link or intermediate
• a potential victim
• The aim is
• to break the link to prevent the occurrence of
  infection
• to remove the source
• to prevent a source to be born

4
Sources and Carriers of Infection

• Sources
• food infected at the source vermin, pets and
  animals
• human beings (who may carry a germ even
  unknowingly, may be suffering from an infection,
  may have an open or infected wound or may the
  carriers of AIDS and Hepatitis B)

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• Carriers
• food contaminated during preparation
• human pick up injection on hands or feet
• clothing and bedding
• towels
• soap
• surfaces contaminated by hand, blood, vomit
• air
• water (showers, eg Legionnaires disease)

6
The Role of Cleaning

• Effective cleaning is helpful in breaking the
  infection cycle.
• On the other hand, the following increase the
  infection risk by increasing bacteria levels or
  becoming the source or the link in the infection
  cycle
• infrequent cleaning
• use of unhygienic methods
• use of contaminated equipment and cleaning
  solutions
• contaminated staff

7
Spread of Infection

• Infection can be spread through the cleaning
  process in the following ways
• use of dirty or contaminated mops, dusters,
  buckets, floor machines
• dirty or contaminated water
• inefficient filters on suction (vacuum) cleaners
  blowing contaminated air back into the atmosphere
• dry cleaning methods which scatter dust as
  sweeping, dry mopping, dry dusting
• dirty or contaminated towels
• poor waste disposal methods eg uncovered
  containers

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• emptying suction cleaners, waste bins carelessly
  so rescattering dust
• transferring equipment from one are to another
• Infection can also be spread through domestic or
  housekeeping personnel
• through lack of personal hygiene eg nor washing
  hands after using the toilet
• not washing hands after completing a dirty task
• on personal clothing
• on uniforms and protective clothing
• if suffering from coughs, colds, infections, skin
  lesions
• washing hands in sink over crockery
• smoking, scratching and other bad habits

9
Chemical Disinfectants

• Disinfection may be achieved by
• the use of heat, which is the most reliable
  method but is limited in cleaning except in
  laundry and dish washing
• chemical disinfectants, which are dangerous to
  the user and the surface, that is why, they must
  be used correctly
• for the intended purpose
• at the correct dilution rate
• for the specified length of time
• at the correct temperature
• generally after cleaning
• freshly used
• never mix with soaps or detergents as both agents
  may be neutralised

10
Waste Disposal

• The waste disposal system involves
• collecting up the waste
• holding it in suitable containers
• moving it into a central collection point
• arranging for its final removal
• Waste products
• create fire
• start to smell
• attract pests and vermin
• therefore, the aim is to dispose waste in a
  hygienic manner.

11
Waste Collection

• In order to have a satisfactory collection and
  disposal system
• first analyse the type of waste eg. Kitchen
  waste, paper waste, sharps etc because each type
  of waste may require different collection,
  storage and disposal arrangement
• second arrange different coloured and types of
  containers for different types of waste
• third consider recycling and environmental
  issues
• fourth consider to have adequate provision of
  receptacles in sanitary areas

12
Legionella Pneumophila

• Legionella Pneumophila is a kind of illness
  caused by a bacteria.
• First reported in 1976 at the Bellevue-Stratford
  Hotel in Philadelphia where 34 people died. Also
  seen in 1985 at the Hilton Airport Inn in
  Michigan where 3 people died and 27 became ill
  and in Holiday Inn Hotel in Wisconsin where 4
  died and 20 became ill. Moreover, reported in
  Turkey in Festival Hotel in Istanbul in 1997.

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• Symptoms consist of fever, chills, headache,
  muscular aches and pains. Often include cough,
  chest pain, shortness of breath, mental
  confusion, vomiting, and diarrhea lasting 10-15
  days. Occasionally damage liver and kidneys.
  The main attack on the human body is through
  lungs.

14

• Research shows that the wide-spread presence of
  the organisms (Legionella) in the environment is
  found in water sources. This includes
• cooling towers
• evaporative condensers
• air conditioning units
• potable water supplies
• creek mud, lakes and streams.
• Places that contain high moisture level (e.g.
  Shower heads, shower curtains, filters in air
  conditioning system) helps the Legionella
  Pneumophila to multiple rapidly and then it
  transport via the air.

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• As managers, in order to secure our property, we
  should
• check the locations of our amplifying units (eg
  water cooling towers) and try to make that they
  are not located in a position that makes it
  possible for the fluent air from the amplifier to
  become a part of the make up air for the
  building.
• a good filtration system for the incoming air
  would also help in preventing the Legionella
  before they enter the buildings air distribution
  system throughout the building.

16

• periodically check the amplifying units and use
  the recommended chemical treatments.
• fequently clean the shower heads, shower
  curtains, and filters in air conditioning
  systems.