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Taste

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Aroma can be 90% of a food's flavor ... Aroma & memory. Nerve signals for smell go right past parts of our brain associated with memory. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Taste


1
Taste Smell Chemical senses
2
  • McDonalds Fries
  • Win best taste competitions
  • Not the method, potatoes, or machinery
  • Taste of fried foods determined by cooking oil
  • McDs uses 7 cottonseed oil, 93 beef tallow a
    fry has more beef fat/ oz than a burger
  • McDs world
  • locations ?

3
Obviously there was criticism
  • McDs changed to pure veg. oil 1990
  • Problem how to make them taste like beef without
    using beef?
  • natural flavor
  • Explains why most of our food taste the way it
    does.

4
Natural Flavor vs. Artificial Flavor
  • Both are man made
  • 90 of our food is for processed food
  • Canning, freezing, dehydrating destroy flavor
  • Big money in making flavor
  • Name food brands
  • Name the companies that makes flavor

5
International Flavors Fragrances (IFF)
  • Worlds largest flavor company
  • Also makes smell of best selling perfumes,
    deodorant, and soaps
  • 2005 1.9 Bil.
  • Givaudan 2nd
  • Haarman Reimer Largest German
  • Takasago Largest Japanese

6
Smell owns taste
  • Aroma can be 90 of a foods flavor
  • What evolutionary benefit would organisms with a
    better sense of smell have?
  • Find food
  • Distinguish good food from bad

Evolution puts pressure on us.
7
Flavors vs. smells
  • Taste buds can detect 5 basic flavors
  • Sweet, sour, bitter, salty, astringent, umami
  • About 4-10K taste buds on tongue, cheek, pharynx,
    epiglottis
  • Bumps called papillae
  • Olfactory system can percieve thousands of
    different chemicals

8
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9
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10
Mastication releases gases
  • Thin layer of nerve cells called olfactory
    epithelium receives gases and transduces them
    into smell signals
  • Brain combines smells signals with simple taste
    signals and decides if its something you want to
    eat.

11
Food preferences personality form early in life
  • Babies will adjust to hot spicy, bland health
    food, or fast food depending on what the people
    around them eat.

Baby eating sushi
12
We dont know it all yet
  • Psychosomatic effects happen
  • Color of food can determine perception of its
    taste
  • People can grow accustomed to bad smells.
  • Come back from a long vacation and immediately
    take a good whiff of what your house smells like.
    Other people smell that whenever they visit you

13
Aroma memory
  • Nerve signals for smell go right past parts of
    our brain associated with memory.
  • Smelling salts (ammonium carbonate can wake you
    up by causing an inhalation reflex
  • Smells can bring back memories
  • Comfort foods
  • McDs makes billions on this (Happy Meals)

14
Flavor in history
  • Empires built, seas crossed, religions and
    philosophies changed over taste.
  • Columbus went looking for flavor
  • Salzburg Germany Founded to protect salt trade
  • Saffron is 12 a gram

15
  • So artificial flavors cropped up from perfume
    companies after canning started
  • German scientist playing with chemicals suddenly
    lab smells like grapes ? methyl anthranilate ?
    grape Kool-Aid? purplesaurus rex

16
1.4 Bil a year
  • 10K new food products a year
  • 9/10 fail

17
Tech
  • Spectrometers
  • Gas chromatographs
  • Vapor detectors
  • Can discern chemicals at 1 ppb
  • Human nose can tell 0.000000000003
  • Dogs better still

18
Complex flavors
  • Coffee, roast beast, strawberries thousands of
    chemicals at once
  • Chemical responsible for flavor of Bell pepper
    only need 0.02 ppb a drop could flavor a
    swimming pool
  • And its cheap flavor in 12oz of Coke ½ cent

19
  • Often though, 1 chemical provides the over-riding
    sense of the food.
  • Ethyl-2-methyl butyrate apple
  • Methyl-2-peridylketone popcorn
  • Ethyl-3-hydroxybutanoate marshmallow
  • Hexanal fresh cut grass
  • 3-methyl butanoic acid B.O.

20
So what?So natural flavor means its made using
old technology
  • Natural
  • Getting amyl acetate from distilling bananas with
    a solvent
  • Artificial
  • Getting amyl acetate from mixing vinegar with
    amyl alcohol, adding H2SO4 as a catalyst

Both taste exactly the same, both happen in the
same factory, but people want to see natural on
their label.
21
Art or Science?
  • Mouthfeel Its not just flavor,
  • TA.XT2i Texture analyzer uses 250 probes to
    create an artificial mouth that senses bounce,
    creep, crunch, density, chewiness, gumminess,
    lumpiness, rubberiness, slipperiness, softness,
    wetness, spread, spring-back, tackiness
  • How do you juggle all of this with subtleties of
    flavor?

22
Genetics
  • Dominant gene
  • Phenylthiocarbamide, also known as PTC, or
    phenylthiourea tastes very bitter or not at all
    depending on genetics
  • Discovered when a guy at duPont accidently
    spilled a bunch of crystalline PTC, some
    complained, some did not
  • May explain why some people are more offended by
    cig. smoke

23
Super Taster
  • 25 of people of European dissent
  • Maybe more fungiform papillae
  • Linked to food preference, body type
  • Coffee, alcohol, may be too intense
  • Olives too salty

24
Things go horribly awry
  • Ageusia (pronounced ay-GOO-see-uh) Loss of sense
    of taste
  • From neural damage
  • anosmia - a loss of the sense of smell.
  • Cold
  • Parkinsons
  • Alzheimer's
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