Revised Carbon Sequestration Rates in

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Revised Carbon Sequestration Rates in Tropical
and Subtropical Soils under NT
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations Conservation Technology Information
Center Conservation Agriculture Carbon Offset
Consultation West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
Telmo Amado C. Bayer October 28, 2008
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Index
Brazil Climate
Agribusiness
Carbon sequestration under No-till
Innovate cropping system
Final remarks
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Temperature Brasil x USA
C
Brasília, DF
Champaign, IL
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Rainfall Brasil x USA
mm
Brasília, DF
Champaign, IL
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Soil Carbon Stock
0-30 cm
Source C. Cerri et al., 2003
10 world Soil C
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Fire...
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Brazilian agribusiness Future
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Soybean
Present area 22,1 Millions Ha
Potential area 70 Millions Ha
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Main agricultural products exported.
Average 1991-1993 Average 2002-2003
Source Ministry of the development, industry and
external trade. MDIC, 2003.
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EROSION
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Fonte Moryja, 2005
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Erosion 24 t/ha/year Yield 2.3 t/ha/year 1 t
grain 10 t soil
Werner Wünsche Embrapa Trigo
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NO-TILL
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Brazil NT area 1972 to 2006. Sourcewww.febrapdp.o
rg.br
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Soybean, NT and subsidies in Brazil
Banco Central / Conab
Soybean million tons
No-till million ha
US billion/year
Gassen, 2007
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Soybean yields US/Brazil
AgriStats, NASS
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Center-West Brazil
No-till seeders?
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No-till animal traction
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Area under no-tillage
Million ha
Brazil
b 1.74 Mi ha per year r2 0.98
b 0.089 Mi ha per year r2 0.98
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Area under no-tillage
Million ha
Brazil
t 1/2 18 years
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Teorical Model of Soil Carbon Storage
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Bayer, 2007
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SOM evolution in Agsoils RS
Evolução da MO no RS
1988
1999
80
64,1
60
53,6
40,5
Soil Samples Lab
Amostras de Solo
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29,7
20
5,9
6,2
0
Low
High
Medium
SOM
Fonte Rheinheimer, D.S. et al. 2000 UFSM.
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Table 2. Revised C sequestration rates in
tropical and subtropical soils from Brazil.
1 Mean data from Lal et al. (1999) and the range
from West and Marland (2002). 2 Traditional crop
rotations were represented by crop systems with
low crop residues input derived by predominance
of fallow, soybean or beans. 3 Improved crop
rotations were represented by crop systems with
higher crop residues input due to the inclusion
of winter and summer cover crops and
maize/soybean rotation.
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Siembra Directa
Convencional
Fuente Lovato et al. 2004
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5 Mg MS ha-1
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CT
NT
FUNDACEP, Cruz Alta. 22 years Tillage and
cropping system in Oxisol
Slide Campos, 2006
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0-0.30 m
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Oxisol Intensive (R2)
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Alfisol
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Wang Dallal, 2004
Australia Annual Temp 17.5 C 650 g kg clay
685 mm y
SB, SR, NO and NF
33 years
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South Brazil X Nebraska (Verma et al.)
Days
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Soybean Ecosystem C Balance
Yield
C grain
CO2 Flux
CO2 flux-C grain
Soybean
------------ g m-2 ----------------------------
2006/07
321.3
150,95
-158.05
-7.10
Verma et al. (2005) /- 45 g C m-2
Conclusion
NT soybean neutral balance in Cruz Alta, RS
Escobar, 2007
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Source Escobar et al., 2008
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Innovate cropping systems
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Consortium perenial pasture (Brachiaria) with
Maize
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Final Remarks
In South America the shift from CT to NT has been
faster than the improvement in cropping system.
In tropical environment to have competitive C
sequestration rates it will necessary return all
crop residue to soil and improve cropping system.
The soil N availability should be overcome .
Legume cover crops
Most of the experiments are less than 30 years
and so far there is no evidence of carbon
saturation.
The Oxisols due to good soil structure (physical
protection) and chemical (Fe and Al ) would
present a high carbon stabilization
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Thank you!!!!
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New Evidence Suggests Little Carbon Sequestration
in No-till Systems
Achim Dobermann Dept. of Agronomy and Horticulture
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Source Fabrizzi, 2006 KSU
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Bayer, 2007
Alfisol