FLUIDELECTROLYTE BALANCE

1
FLUID/ELECTROLYTEBALANCE

• I. Fluid Imbalances
• A. Dehydration
• 3 types Isotonic
• Hypertonic
• Hypotonic
• -Causes
• -Signs/Symptoms
• Cardiovascular Renal
• Respiratory Integument
• Neurological GI

2
Interventions

• Deficient Fluid Volume
• Outcomes
• Interventions
• Fluid Management
• Fluid Monitoring

3
Nsg Dx/Interventions

• Decreased Cardiac Output
• Impaired oral Mucous Membranes
• Potential for Dysrhyhmias

4
OVERHYDRATION

• 3 Types
• Isotonic (Hypervolemia)
• Hypotonic (Water Intoxication)
• Hypertonic (rare)

5
OVERHYDRATION

• Signs/Symptoms
• Cardiovascular
• Respiratory
• Integument
• Neuromuscular
• GI

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INTERVENTIONS

• Drug Therapy
• Diet Therapy
• Monitor
• Miscellaneous Nursing Care

7
ELECTROLYE BALANCE

• A. Hypokalemia
• Causes
• Signs/Symptoms
• Musculoskeletal
• Respiratory
• Cardiovascular
• Neurological
• GI
• ECG

8
Hypokalemia

• Interventions/Nursing Diagnosis
• Risk for Falls
• Drug Therapy
• Diet
• Safety
• Constipation
• Drugs
• Diet
• Comfort

9
Hyperkalemia

• Not seen usually in healthy individuals
• Renal Failure kidneys regulate K
• Diabetes ketoacidosis can lead to
• hyperkalemia

10
HYPONATREMIA

• Often occurs along with fluid imbalances
• Causes
• secretion of Na
• Inadequate intake
• Dilution of serum Na
• Signs/Symptoms

11
HYPERNATREMIA

• Cause
• Signs/Symptoms
• CNS
• Neuromuscular
• Cardiovascular
• Interventions
• Drug therapy
• Diet Therapy
• Oral Care
• Skin Care

12
HYPOCALCEMIA

• Causes
• Inadequate absorption from GI tract
• excretion
• Endocrine disturbance
• Signs/Symptoms video
• Interventions- video
• Diet Therapy
• Environment
• Injury prevention

13
HYPERCALCEMIA

• Causes
• Increased absorption of Ca
• Decreased excretion
• Increased bone resorption
• Signs/Symptoms
• Cardiovascular
• Neuromuscular
• GI
• Renal

14
HYPERCALCEMIA

• Interventions
• Drug Therapy
• Dialysis
• Cardiac Monitoring
• Miscellaneous