Title: Andrew Garland, Neal Lesh, and Charles Rich
1Responding to and Recovering from Mistakes during
Collaboration
- Andrew Garland, Neal Lesh, and Charles Rich
- Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories
2Introduction
- Successful collaboration requires that the human
and the system each maintain an up-to-date model
of the shared plans and goals - What to do if the human makes a mistake or
interrupts the activity (called
non-contributors)? - Infer intentions underlying mistakes
- Repair shared plan by adding recovery goals
- Generate utterances that (re-)establish mutual
understanding about non-contributors and
recoveries
3Trace snippet involving recovery
User presses the engage button. (mistake) Agent
says Whoops, it was too soon to press the engage
button. Agent says Lets recover from pressing
the engage button. Agent says First, lets set
the engine speed to zero ... Agent says Weve
recovered from pressing the engage button. Agent
says Lets return to starting the engine
4Two error-recovery criteria
- An agent must be able to indicate when recovery
is needed, and which actions are part of the
recovery - Re-use as much of general-purpose capabilities as
possible, e.g. when - selecting method to achieve recovery
- deciding whether to take the initiative
- generating agent responses
5Collagen
focus stack
plan tree
communicate
observe
observe
interact
interact
6Example current discourse state
A
B
e
d
c
B A
c
Plan tree
Focus Stack
7Related research
- Plan repair and adaptation (Alterman 88, Hammond
90, Hanks Weld 95, Nebel Koehler 95) - Intelligent tutoring systems (Conati et al. 95,
Rickel Johnson 99, Rickel et al. 01) - Probabilistic plan recognition (Bauer et al. 93,
Charniak Goldman 93)
8Summary
- Non-contributors are identified by relaxing
constraints during plan recognition (part of
discourse interpretation) - Utterances are used to (re-)establish mutual
belief about - When recovery is needed
- Which actions are part of recovery
- Implementation re-uses many components that were
built to handle normal behavior
9Responding to and Recovering from Mistakes during
Collaboration
- Andrew Garland, Neal Lesh, and Charles Rich
- Cambridge Research Lab
- Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories
10Another snippet involving recovery
- Later, in a similar context, the activity might
go as follows
User presses the engage button. (mistake) Agent
says Whoops, youve made this mistake
before. Agent says You take it from here. User
says What next? Agent says Lets recover from
pressing the engage button.