ComputerHuman Interaction

1
Computer-Human Interaction

• Paul Logasa Bogen II
• April 1, 2005

2
Overview

• A (Computer Science) Workout
• A Brief History
• What is CHI?
• Major Areas of Study
• Psychopathology
• Usability
• Collaboration
• Ubiquitous Computing
• Document Engineering
• User Interfaces
• Hypertext
• Digital Libraries
• Unique Challenges
• Issues and Resolution

3
A (Computer Science) Workout

• STAND UP!
• How many of you have
• been unable to accomplish a goal using software?
• became confused in the operation of software?
• seen an error message you did not understand?
• could not remember where a certain feature in a
  piece of software was located?
• misplaced, overwrote, or accidentally lost a
  file?
• tried to push a door when you should have
  pulled?
• Everyone sitting could benefit by CHI!

4
A Brief History (1/3)

• 1948 - Vannevar Bush. As We May Think
• Computer as Information Appliance
• Collaboration between Users
• 1960 - J.C.R. Licklider. Man-Computer Symbiosis
• Multi-User Systems (Time-Sharing)
• Electronic I/O
• Real-Time Interaction
• Natrual Language understanding
• Handwriting and Speech Recognition

5
A Brief History (2/3)

• 1963 Sutherland Sketchpad
• Hierarchial structures
• Object-Orientated Programming
• Icons
• Light Pens on Vector Display
• 1964 Engelbart AFIP Fall Joint Conference
• Mouse and Chord-board
• Word Processing
• Outline Processing
• Hypermedia
• Collaboration

6
A Brief History (3/3)

• 1977 Alan Kay Personal Dynamic Media
• Personal Computers
• Laptops
• Computers for children
• Musical Composition
• Home Computing
• 1981 Jeff Johnson The Xerox Star A
  Retrospective
• Desktop Metaphor
• WYSIWYG

7
What is CHI?

• Computer-Human or Human-Computer?
• Human-computer interaction (HCI) is the study of
  interaction between people (users) and
  computers. Wikipedia http//www.wikipedia.com
  
• User-Centered
• Interdisciplinary
• Social and Cognitive Psychology
• Graphic Design and Aesthetics
• Information Science
• Sociology and Anthropology
• Human-Computer-Human?

8
Psychopathology

• Don Norman
• Psychology of Everyday Things
• Later Design of Everyday Things
• System Model versus User Model
• Affordances
• Visibility
• Mapping

9
Usability

• User-Centered Design
• Prototyping
• User Studies
• Ethnography
• Controlled Experiments
• Surveys
• Expert Evaluation
• Software Engineering

10
Collaboration

• Allowing users to work together from different
  places.
• Sharing electronic workspaces
• Communication breakdowns
• Examples
• Air Traffic Control
• Groupware
• Instant Messaging

11
Ubiquitous Computing

• When Computing blends into your environment.
• Molding computing to support human activities,
  not molding humans to support computer
  activities.
• Augmented Reality as opposed to Virtual Reality.
• Examples
• Smart-Appliances
• Automobiles

12
Document Engineering

• Questions Asked
• What is a Document?
• How do people use Documents?
• How can we better create Documents?
• How can we better maintain Documents?
• Examples
• Rational Rose Suite http//www.rational.com
• context-aware Trellis http//www.csdl.tamu.edu/ca
  T/

13
User Interfaces

• Human-Computer Interfaces
• Not Just Keyboard Mouse Screen
• Haptics, Speech Recognition, Heads Up Displays,
  Touch Screens, Gestures
• New ways to display information
• Fisheye Views, Information Filtering, Large
  Public Displays, Liveboards
• Augmented Reality
• Wacky Hardware
• "Killer App" of Wearable Computing Wireless
  Force Sensing Body Protectors for Martial Arts.
  Ed H. Chi (PARC / Stanford Taekwondo Program),
  Jin Song, and Greg Corbin (Impact Measurement)
  UIST 2004

14
Hypertext

• Non-linear Writing
• Objects are not inheriently sequential
• Sequence defined by reader not writer
• Objects are connected by links to other Objects
• The sequence of links creates a path
• Extended to Hypermedia
• Examples
• World Wide Web http//www.w3c.org
• Afternoon http//www.eastgate.com/catalog/Afterno
  on.html
• Project Xanadu http//www.xanadu.com/

15
Digital Libraries

• Questions Asked
• What is a collection?
• How do we find information?
• How do we help people use information?
• How do we handle change?
• Examples
• Picasso Project http//www.tamu.edu/mocl/picasso/
  
• Waldens Paths http//waldens.csdl.tamu.edu
• Google http//www.google.com

16
Unique Challenges

• Games
• Easy to Play
• Quick to Reward
• Slow to Finish
• Hard to Win
• Public Usage Computers
• Short Attention Spans
• Functionally illiterate users
• Insulting Experts versus Confusing Novice Users
• Folk Computing
• Computing in Rural Area
• Low Literacy Rates
• Lack of Experience with Common Metaphors

17
Issues and Resolution

• Usability is Expensive
• Cheaper than losing business.
• Better usable software means less customer
  support.
• Usability does not mean full-blown controlled
  experiments or ethnography.
• Users have no other choice
• May only be temporary
• If software is for business, usable software
  means higher productivity.

18
Refrences

• Norman, Don. The Design of Everyday Things. Basic
  Books, 1988.
• Greenberg, Saul. History of HCI. Lecture Notes
  for Human Computer Interaction I. University of
  Calgary http//pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/saul/hci_t
  opics/topics/history.html
• Human-Computer Interaction. Wikipedia
  http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-human_inter
  action
• The ACM Symposium on Document Engineering.
  http//www.documentengineering.org/
• FAQ Eastgate Systems, Inc. http//www.eastgate.
  org
• UIST2004. http//www.acm.org/uist/uist2004/

19
Shameless Plug!

• Take CPSC 671 Computer-Human Interaction!
• Any Questions?