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LIR 30: Week 4

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Title: LIR 30: Week 4


1
LIR 30 Week 4
  • Evaluating Annotating Sources

2
Class Announcements
  • Class notes page, lots of stuff
  • Lab rules
  • Class questions

3
This Weeks Class
  • Starting on p.4 of Class Reader section for Weeks
    34
  • Evaluating information sources
  • How to write annotations for the final project

4
Evaluating Sources
5
Why bother?
  • Knowledgeable perspective
  • Discern between reliable questionable
    information
  • Hone in on useful information
  • Internet environment

6
Evaluating Sources the Basics
  • Lets recap
  • Primary or secondary resource?
  • Objective or Subjective?
  • (New!) Popular or scholarly?

7
Primary
  • Or Secondary?

8
Primary Sources Review
  • First-hand accounts or direct sources
  • the horses mouth

9
Pack on My Back
  • Example of a Primary Source

10
  • I jumped out of bed and pulled on my pants.
    Everybody in the house was trying to save as much
    as possible.
  • I tied my clothes in a sheet. With my clothes
    under my arm and my pack on my back, I left the
    house with the rest of the family. Everybody was
    running north. People were carrying all kinds of
    crazy things. A woman was carrying a pot of soup,
    which was spilling all over her dress.

11
Citing Electronic Primary Sources
  • Citation example in Reader
  • How to Cite Electronic Primary Sources from the
    Library of Congress
  • http//memory.loc.gov/learn/start/cite/index.html
  • Use the general MLA format for non-electronic
    sources
  • http//www.santarosa.edu/library/guides/mla.pdf

12
Secondary sources Review
  • Interpretations or reviews of research
  • Represents majority of sources

13
Example of a Secondary Source History of the
Great Chicago Fire
  • Upward of 500 families were fleeing from the
    seeming wrath to come. The streets were almost
    impassable

14
Example of a Secondary Source History of the
Great Chicago Fire
  • Then the fire reached over the street, and while
    that terrible southwestern wind howled onward
    Then it got into the lumber yards and into the
    railroad shops, and the round houses were soon
    wrapped ill its dead embrace.
  • Citation examples in class Reader

15
Objective
  • Or Subjective?

16
Objective Information Review
  • Factual, undistorted by emotion or personal bias
  • Source can be objective, even with subjective
    quotes or subject matter

17
Subjective Information Review
  • Conclusions based on personal opinions,
    background
  • Does not include conclusions based on research,
    study!

18
Popular
  • Or Scholarly?

19
Popular Sources Review
  • Intended for general audiences, not experts
  • Usually no in-depth analysis or research

20
Scholarly Resources Review
  • Audience with background in the field
  • In-depth treatment of specific aspect of topic
  • Peer review

21
Popular vs. Scholarly
  • Colino, Stacey. Six Surprising Reasons You're
    Not Losing Weight.  Redbook Jan 2005 44-46
  • Abstract Colino explores six reasons of weight
    gain despite best efforts to lose it. Among
    others, researchers from Deakin University in
    Australia found that people who watched between
    one and two-and-a-half hours of TV per day were
    93 percent more likely to be overweight than
    those who watched less than an hour per day.
  • Dunstan, D., Salmon, J., Owen, N.,  Armstrong,
    T.  et al. Physical Activity and Television
    Viewing in Relation to Risk of Undiagnosed
    Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Adults.  Diabetes
    Care.  27.11  (2004) 2603-10
  • Abstract Dunstan et. all seek to assess the
    associations of physical activity time and
    television time with risk of "undiagnosed"
    abnormal glucose metabolism in Australian adults.
    Their findings suggest a protective effect of
    physical activity and a deleterious effect of
    television time on the risk of abnormal glucose
    metabolism in adults. Population strategies to
    reduce risk of abnormal glucose metabolism should
    focus on reducing sedentary behaviors and
    increasing physical activity.

22
Scholarly sources
  • appropriate for college papers!

23
Evaluating Sources
  • The Next Level

24
Criteria for Evaluating All Sources START (The
Fab Five)
  • Scope/Coverage
  • Treatment/Reliability
  • Authority
  • Relevancy
  • Timeliness/Currency

25
Not so much a checklist
  • Indicators!

26
Strategies for Evaluating Scope/Coverage
  • Whats it all about whats covered?
  • Table of contents
  • Index
  • Intended audience?

27
Strategies for Evaluating Scope/Coverage
  • How is topic covered broad overview or specific
    subtopic?
  • Graphics, tables, statistical information?
  • Chapters (books), sections (articles), pages
    (website)

28
Scope/Coverage Example
  • Whitby Museum James Cook Web Site
  • Excellent site for Cooks early days
  • Coverage does not include his famous voyages

29
Strategies for Evaluating Treatment/Reliability
  • A toughie!
  • Sources cited, complete bibliography?
  • Statistics, references cited?
  • Information valid, well-researched or
    questionable, unsupported by evidence?
  • Intent of the source?

30
(No Transcript)
31
An Expert?
  • Demand more from your sources!
  • A better example
  • lthttp//blogs.princeton.edu/wri152-3/f05/eharwood/
    degas_turns_his_back.htmlgt

32
Evaluating Authority
  • Authors background
  • Expert in his/her field?
  • Specific credentials, degrees in the subject?
  • Training, education, experience in field?
  • Other works by author in field?
  • Publisher a known publishing house, university
    press, professional organization?

33
Strategies for Evaluating Authority
  • Where to find information about an author
  • Periodicals
  • End or beginning of article text
  • Contributors page
  • Click on authors name in online database
  • Books
  • Book jacket, introduction or notes
  • Check online databases
  • Online search
  • Website
  • About Us information
  • Check linking pages Alexa

34
Evaluating Authority
  • Example, for a source about Seasonal Affective
    Disorder
  • Joe Schmo has a PhD. in Environmental Psychology
    from Really Big University. His research in the
    area of S.A.D. began in 1982. His published
    works include the books Rain, Rain Go Away and
    Stormy Weather. He is currently an instructor at
    Small But Prestigious University and provides
    commentary on the Weather Channel.

35
Authority Example
  • FactCheck.org - Annenberg Political Fact Check
  • Unusually detailed About Us section
  • Includes information about site, funding, staff

36
Strategies for Evaluating Relevancy
  • How does it answers your questions?
  • How does it fill your information need?
  • Why is it right for your project?
  • Should fit parameters of your project
  • If not, pick another source

37
Strategies for Evaluating Timeliness/Currency
  • Age of information?
  • Up-to-date for topic?
  • New discoveries, or related events taken place?
  • Does it matter?
  • Topic changing quickly or fairly stable,
    requiring more background information?

38
Timeliness/Currency Example
  • http//www.bartleby.com/107/pages/page1292.html

Interesting source, but not appropriate for
current information!
39
In-Class Worksheet
  • Evaluating an Information Source

40
Evaluation Exercise
  • Groups of 3-4 Include your names!
  • Review source, complete worksheet

41
Homework for Next Week
  • Evaluating Sources

42
Evaluating Sources
  • Establishing Points of View

43
Points of View
  • Very difficult to eliminate from human
    communication

44
Points of View
  • Examples
  • Bias
  • Spin
  • Propaganda

45
Intent of Source
  • Commercial
  • Persuasion
  • Spin
  • Propaganda

Doesnt necessarily mean information is faulty
Not quid pro quo
Rather, a factor or indicator
46
Bias From Both Sides
  • Information source
  • Authors opinion or point of view that may
    influence the presentation or content of
    information source
  • easier to spot when you disagree!
  • Reader/Viewer/Listener
  • Preference or inclination inhibiting impartial
    judgment
  • Partiality preventing objective consideration of
    issue

47
Spin
  • From pbs.org
  • The particular interpretation or emphasis
    applied to information to enhance the public
    image of, or to minimize political damage to, a
    politician.
  • Applies to organizations, groups
  • Generally used to sway public opinion
  • Uses selective evidence/facts to support

48
Propaganda
  • In The Research Process, Bolner and Poirer define
    propaganda as
  • Material that is systematically distributed to
    advocate a point of view or a strongly held
    interest on an issue.

49
Propaganda
  • May play on emotions of reader/viewer/listener
  • Fear
  • Weakness, helplessness
  • Uses emotionally charged words
  • Highly subjective
  • May appear to be based on fact

50
How to Evaluate Information Validity
  • For fun and profit

51
Evaluating for Information Validity
  • Facts check multiple sources
  • Data check source, methodology
  • Research results
  • Read methodology carefully
  • Examine data
  • Graphics
  • Tables, charts, etc.

52
Checking Research
  • From Gender and the Internet by Hiroshi Ono and
    Madeline Zavodny
  •  Social Science Quarterly, March 2003.

53
Check the Research
  • Objective This article examines whether there
    are differences in men's and women's use of the
    Internet and whether any such gender gaps have
    changed in recent years.
  • Methods We use data from several surveys during
    the period 1997-2001 to show trends in Internet
    usage

54
What would you check next?
55
Check the Research
  • We use several data sets from different points
    in time during 1997-2001.
  • Multiple data sets give a more complete picture
    of Internet usage patterns each survey asks
    slightly different questions about Internet
    activities.
  • Identifies surveys

56
Check the Research, cont.
  • Results Women were significantly less likely
    than men to use the Internet at all in the
    mid-1990s, but this gender gap in being online
    disappeared by 2000. However, once online, women
    remain less frequent and less intense users of
    the Internet.
  • Concepts unclear? Check definition and
    measurement method

57
Though it takes timethis kind of detective work
  • provides details for your annotations

58
Annotations
  • They Make Life Worth Living

59
General Guidelines for Annotations
  • In your Reader and online
  • http//online.santarosa.edu/homepage/jfilkins/anno
    tations.html
  • Note about online version

60
What is an Annotated Bibliography?
  • List of citations to books, articles and
    documents (e.g. sources)
  • Followed by brief (200-250 words) descriptive and
    evaluative paragraph the annotation
  • Informs reader of the relevance, accuracy, and
    quality of sources cited

61
Annotations vs. Abstracts
  • Abstracts
  • Purely descriptive summaries often found at the
    beginning of scholarly journal articles or in
    periodical indexes
  • Annotations
  • Descriptive and critical
  • Expose the author's point of view, authority
  • Evaluate reliability, timeliness of information
  • Relevance to your research

62
Before Writing Your Annotation
  • Locate books, periodicals, documents
  • Sources should support all aspects of your topic
  • Examine and review, choose works that provide a
    variety of perspectives on your topic

63
Before Writing Your Annotation
  • Books
  • Not necessary to read in entirety
  • Read or use scanning technique
  • Periodical and Internet sources
  • Must be read completely
  • No newspaper articles or book reviews
  • Cite each book, article or document using MLA
    style

64
Now youre ready to write your
  • annotation!

65
Writing Annotations
  • A ten step program

66
Annotation Workshop
  • Dont write a review!
  • Using separate piece of paper, write down 5
    criteria
  • Scope/Coverage
  • Treatment/Reliability
  • Authority
  • Relevancy
  • Timeliness/Currency

67
Remember
  • Annotation is subjective but information should
    be subjective!

68
The Final Project!
69
What will the final project look like?
  • 5 sources
  • 5 citations
  • 5 annotations
  • Link to mock-up available on Lecture Notes Page

70
Homework for Next Week
  • Read through class reader section for Weeks 5 5
  • Evaluating Information Sources sheet
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