Using Customized Nutrition to Treat

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Using Customized Nutrition to Treat

• Mitochondrial Insufficiency, Type II Diabetes,
  and Male and Female Infertility

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Mitochondrial Insufficiency

• Mitochondrial diseases typically present as
  neurological disorders but can manifest as other
  disorders such as diabetes, myopathies,
  cardiovascular disease, stroke, epilepsy and
  retinitis pigmentosa.
• These diseases are linked because of cellular
  damage causing oxidative stress and the
  accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS).
• These oxidants then damage the mitochondrial DNA
  resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell
  death.

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Mitochondrial Insufficiency

• In our discussions today, we are not going to
  delve into the world of mitochondrial myopathies
  (MM) which include
• Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS)
• Leigh's syndrome
• mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS)
• mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis
  and stroke-like episodes (MELAS)
• myoclonus epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF)
  
• mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal
  encephalomyopathy (MNGIE)
• neuropathy, ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa
  (NARP)
• Pearson syndrome
• progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO)

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Mitochondrial Insufficiency

• We will be delving into the impairment of the
  proper and optimal functioning of the cells
  powerhouse.
• First we need to talk about the major causes of
  mitochondrial insufficiency.
• Nutrient Deficiencies carnitine, Coenzyme Q10,
  taurine, trace minerals, B vitamins, alpha lipoic
  acid, and NADH.
• Toxicity heavy metals, organochloric and
  organophosphic compounds, petrochemical solvents
  and others.
• Infections bacterial and viral
• Stress
• Kidd, PM, Neurodegeneration from Mitochondrial
  Insufficiency Nutrients Stem Cells, Growth
  Factors, and Prospects for Brain Rebuilding Using
  Integrative Management, Alternative Medicine
  Review, Vol 10, Num 4, December 2005.

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Mitochondrial Insufficiency
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Mitochondrial Insufficiency

• The current thinking is that most mitochondrial
  diseases are the result of one or more complex
  inheritance patterns. Most mitochondrial diseases
  are the result of mutations (changes) in DNA
  located in the nucleus of the cell. Only
  mitochondrial disorders caused by mutations in
  the mitochondrial DNA (a specific structure in
  living cells, located outside the nucleus) are
  inherited exclusively from mothers.
• What we will be discussing is where the
  mitochondria become inefficient, unable to fully
  carry out their jobs and how that affects optimal
  health.

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Mitochondrial Insufficiency

• The Krebs Cycle aka Citric Acid Cycle is part of
  the process that leads to the production of
  energy (ATP for one example).
• In my research and review of thousands of lab
  tests, toxins have a dramatic effect on the
  ability to create energy within the Citric Acid
  Cycle.
• The implications on diseases like obesity are
  staggering as I mentioned yesterday.

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How Toxins Affect Health
This stage requires the most energy
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Mitochondrial Insufficiency

• To test for disruptions to the Citric Acid Cycle
  and to find out what detoxification interventions
  are needed, I recommend two tests.
• The first is a urinary organic acid test from
  either MetaMetrix or US Biotek.
• The second is an Environmental Pollutants
  Biomarker urine test from US Biotek for the
  presence of metabolites of petrochemical
  solvents.
• The use of the LabAssist interpretive report is
  the only way to determine the level and area of
  disruption along with the proper protocols of
  detoxification.

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Mitochondrial Insufficiency

• Most solvents have similarities in detoxification
  protocols with some minor and/or major
  differences.
• One that needs a different approach for safety
  reasons is in the detoxification of benzene.
• In a dysbiotic gut, taking either tyrosine or
  phenylalanine could cause the production of
  phenol compounds.
• These phenol compounds could cause an increase in
  the carcinogenicity of benzene.

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Mitochondrial Insufficiency

• One of the most important issues in todays
  society is aging.
• With our aging population, a lot of people want
  to know how to slow down the process.
• Here is what we do know
• Aging is about oxidation
• The use of anti-oxidants do not seem to slow down
  the aging process all that much.

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Mitochondrial Insufficiency

• You can cut back the speed at which you age by
  cutting back on the amount of food you eat
  drastically.
• Numerous studies suggest that it is the quantity
  of food that is the key. When you eat very little
  the cells last longer. Or is that the real
  mechanism???

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Mitochondrial Insufficiency

• The real key to living longer is reigning in
  inflammation.
• In an excellent, but hard read, Professor Caleb
  E. Finch wrote the book The Biology of Human
  Longevity Inflammation, Nutrition, and Aging in
  the Evolution of Lifespans, 2007 Academic Press
  discusses the issue.
• Does the longevity research into low-calorie
  diets only mean that the low intake is the sole
  anti-aging driver?
• Another possibility is that when you restrict you
  diet, you avoid inflammatory foods.

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Mitochondrial Insufficiency

• The LEAP MRT Food Sensitivity test is a good way
  to find out what foods increase the inflammatory
  response.
• By avoid these foods, you can drastically reduce
  inflammation which is beneficial not just in
  slowing down the aging process but in a myriad of
  inflammatory diseases ranging from coronary heart
  disease, migraines, arthritis, irritable bowel
  syndrome, and any neurodegenerative disease.
• We know that inflammation can also affect the
  mitochondria so any time we can reduce
  inflammation we protect the mitochondria.

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Quick Tip

• Uric Acid is one of the bodies natural
  antioxidants.
• Increased levels are typically caused by the
  bodies need for antioxidant help.
• It is known to scavenge peroxynitrate.
• Multiple sclerosis patients have low Uric Acid
  and high peroxynitrate.
• Lower serum Uric Acid levels in MS patients may
  represent a primary, constitutive loss of
  protection against Nitric Oxide.
• Stimulating xanathine oxidase through the use of
  molybdenum may be beneficial.

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Mitochondrial Insufficiency

• We know that chronic infections cause oxidative
  stress (Wen et al, 2006).
• Monitoring the patient using a Comprehensive
  Blood Chemistry is highly beneficial.
• The test should always include Uric Acid which
  isnt typically included.
• The pattern in the differential of White Blood
  Cells is helpful in determining the type of
  infection.

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Mitochondrial Insufficiency

• Neutrophils are typically indicative of a
  bacterial infection but an increase of the
  absolute numbers can occur with inflammation.
• Eosinophils are typically seen in allergic
  responses but also in infestations of parasites.
• Basophils are rarely seen but when they are
  elevated it is indicative of an allergic response
  and correlates to elevated histamine in the
  blood.
• Monocytes, the largest of the white blood cells
  are phagocytic as they are viewed as scavengers
  but they also produce the antiviral agent
  interferon.

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Mitochondrial Insufficiency

• Lymphocytes are a primary defense against viruses
  but they are also seen in the early and late
  stages of inflammation.
• Looking at the pattern of these cells both in
  percentages of the total and in absolute numbers
  can give you a very accurate picture of what is
  going on immunologically.
• With LabAssist we have already pre-programmed
  many of these patterns.
• Through that we have even been able to reveal a
  case of Psittacosis.

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Quick Tip

• If you have a person that has done a saliva
  hormone test and noticed that their cortisol
  levels do not go down through the day as expected
  the mechanism may be toxic in nature.
• In a study published in EHP this February, Gump
  et al showed that lead levels, even low ones
  below 10 µg/dL can alter corticosteroid levels
  and interfere with heightened reactivity to acute
  stress.
• This is also found quite often in large cities
  with high powered executives.
• The higher lead levels in big cities like New
  York may explain the higher stress readings of
  inhabitants.

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Type II Diabetes

• Testing Strategies

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Type II Diabetes

• With any diabetic, running a comprehensive blood
  chemistry should be a given.
• Monitoring blood sugar, triglycerides,
  cholesterol with LDL and HDL are critical to any
  dietary intervention.
• Electrolyte depletion, particularly sodium,
  potassium, magnesium, calcium, bicarbonates and
  chlorides are often seen and need to be addressed
  if deficient.
• Some of the markers for oxidation like uric acid
  are also seen along with elevated fibrinogen.

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Type II Diabetes

• Here is the pattern often seen with people with
  Type II diabetes
• Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase, Basophils,
  Cholesterol, Creatinine, Fibrinogen, Glucose,
  GGT, Hemoglobin A1c, LDL, Triglycerides, BUN, and
  Uric Acid
• Decreased Albumin, CO2, Calcium, Chloride, HDL,
  Iron, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Sodium.

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Type II Diabetes

• Plasma amino acids can also help with a support
  protocol for people with diabetes.
• Cysteine and Taurine are beneficial in preventing
  kidney failure.
• Taurine is helpful in counteracting oxidative
  stress commonly found in diabetics.
• It should be used with caution as it can lower
  blood sugar due to its action of potentiating
  insulin.
• GABA is thought to increase insulins effect and
  the use of 2-4 grams can significantly decrease
  blood sugar.

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Type II Diabetes

• Alanine is well known to help reduce
  triglycerides, reduce ketosis (common with
  diabetics).
• It may parallel blood sugar levels in both
  diabetics and hypoglycemics.
• Before using amino acid therapy you should check
  their plasma levels to make sure you are using a
  biochemically individualized protocol.
• While amino acid therapy is a powerful tool to
  use with diabetics, it can become a double edged
  sword if used incorrectly.

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Type II Diabetes

• An Environmental Pollutants Biomarker test is
  also very helpful if the person has been exposed
  to high levels of a number of toxins.
• Phthalates have been shown to affect insulin
  resistance.
• Stahlhut, R., E. Wijngaarden, et al. (2007).
  "Concentrations of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites
  Are Associated with Increased Waist Circumference
  and Insulin Resistance in Adult U.S. Males."
  Environmental Health Perspectives 115(6) 876-82.
• Chemicals like toluene, xylene, benzene and
  styrene have been implicated in a wide array of
  endocrine disruption and blood sugar regulation.

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Type II Diabetes

• When it comes to these chemicals, they are well
  known to bind to the PPAR gamma receptor which
  when turned on, stabilizes blood sugar levels.
• According to Dr. Lindsay Berkson in her great
  book, Hormone Deception she says the following
• Well, if science has termed the estrogen
  receptor as promiscuous meaning it will mate
  with a wide variety of chemical partners the
  PPAR receptor is even more indiscrete about its
  bedfellows. It may be that endocrine-disrupting
  compounds are contributing to insulin resistance
  by inhibiting this receptor.

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Type II Diabetes

• Many of the chemicals and heavy metals that may
  affect the receptors also affect the thyroid.
• People with diabetes who develop hypo- or
  hyperthyroidism have a much harder time
  controlling their blood sugar.
• Making sure the diabetic patient is controlling
  their toxic loads and are becoming good toxin
  excretors will go a long way in helping them
  control their blood sugar and insulin levels.
• This is why a urine test is so important. It no
  longer is a question of whether we have the
  toxins in our blood but do we excrete them
  efficiently.

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Quick Tip

• Fibrinogen is a noted risk factor for coronary
  and vascular disease.
• But is this a causative factor?
• Fibrinogen it turns out, is actually an
  antioxidant.
• According to Olinescu and Kummerow, Journal of
  Nutritional Biochemistry, Vol 12, Num 3, March
  2001, Fibrinogen, albumin, ceruloplasmin, and
  transferrin act as a supplementary antioxidant
  defense mechanism against oxidative stress
  arising from inflammatory conditions.
• Fibrinogen is a marker for oxidative and
  inflammatory stress not as a causative factor in
  CVD.

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Type II Diabetes

• Urinary Organic Acids are a tertiary test to use
  because it can help identify the following
  problems known to occur in diabetics
• Excessive Fatty Acid Oxidation
• Carnitine Deficiencies
• Keto-acidosis
• Disordered Gluconeogenesis
• Excessive Oxidative Stress
• Intestinal Dysbiosis
• B-Complex Competency
• Liver Detox Dysfunction
• Poor Energy Production

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Type II Diabetes

• As with most disorders, inflammation is a key
  component in the progression and/or control of
  diabetes.
• Diet is critical.
• Assessing the foods that can trigger inflammatory
  reactions is important in helping your patient
  achieve optimal help.
• This is another good reason to utilize the LEAP
  MRT blood test.

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Type II Diabetes

• The LEAP MRT test is beneficial in order to
  isolate those foods, regardless of their affect
  on blood sugar, that might induce an inflammatory
  response.
• Reducing this response will improve the quality
  of life of the diabetic since many of them have
  numerous other symptoms like arthritis.
• Drugs used to treat arthritis like anikinra
  (Kinemet) have been shown to help regulate blood
  sugar because of their effect on the cytokine
  IL-1 (interleukin-1).

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Type II Diabetes

• The immune system produces cytokines in response
  to inflammation in the body. The cytokine,
  Interleuken-1 (IL-1) shows up in areas of
  inflammation, like in the joints or other places
  in the body. Anakinra blocks the production of
  interleukin-1. That's why it's used to treat
  arthritis.
• In diabetes, interleukin-1-beta is produced in
  the pancreas. High glucose levels appear to
  trigger the release of interleukin-1-beta. This
  not only reduces the function of beta cells in
  the pancreas, but can cause beta cells to
  self-destruct.
• This is why using LEAP MRT with diabetics may be
  highly beneficial.

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Infertility/Pregnancy

• Testing Strategies

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Infertility/Pregnancy

• At no time in human history has infertility
  reached such epidemic proportions.
• The blame clearly has to lie at the feet of our
  toxic environment.
• According to the Center for Disease Controls
  National Survey of Family Growth the fastest
  growing segment of the population with impaired
  fecundity (infertility) is women under the age of
  25.
• In 2005 the CDC did a survey across America where
  the average citizen had the presence of 148
  chemicals in their blood. The report is 475 pages
  long.
• Third National Report of Human Exposure to
  Environmental Chemicals, Centers for Disease
  Control and Prevention 2005. www.cdc.gov/exposurer
  eport/pdf/thirdreport.pdf

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Infertility/Pregnancy

• One line in the report struck me for different
  reasons than it might strike others.
• Under Public Health Uses of the Report it states
  To establish reference ranges that can be used
  by physicians and scientists to determine whether
  a person or group has an unusually high
  exposure.
• As we know with laboratory testing, often times
  reference ranges are skewed due to an abnormal
  population. Case in point TSH levels. Most labs
  use .5 to 5 as a range. LabAssist uses 1.1 to
  2.5 because so many in our population are
  hypothyroid they skew the range.

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Infertility/Pregnancy

• This will somehow be used to allow for an
  acceptable level of toxicity for each of you
  and your patients.
• Some chemicals have an effect at low levels only.
• Polymorphisms in genes coding for metabolizing
  enzymes contribute to interindividual variability
  and may vary by more than 50-fold in humans
  (Guengerich et al. 1991).
• What is a poison for you may not be for me.

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Infertility/Pregnancy

• According to research done by the EPA on
  Bisphenol A (BPA), they only looked at the
  changes to the weight of rat brains to determine
  toxicity levels.
• Some studies found changes in rodents'
  reproductive organs and brains at doses as low as
  0.002 mg per kilogram of body weight per day.
• is just one-25,000th the dose that the EPA said
  was the lowest exposure having an observable
  adverse effect.
• Newer research into the subtle effects of BPA on
  hormone levels indicates that far lower doses can
  have profound effects on the development of human
  fetuses and on adult health, especially women.

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Child Development

• In the 1970s, Danish researcher Niels Skakkebaek
  of the Copehagen University Hospital showed links
  between testicular cancer in adults and
  abnormalities in genital development.
• At 3 months, baby boys experience a surge of
  testosterone.
• In a study of 65 infants published in 2006, they
  discovered that the higher the level of
  phthalates, the greater the evidence of
  anti-androgenic hormonal activity.

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Child Development

• Ana Soto of Tufts University School of Medicine
  was studying the effect of estrogen on a breast
  cancer cell line.
• Much to her chagrin, the cancer cells were
  proliferating like crazy as if a bottle of
  estradiol had been dumped in them.
• Turns out, the tubes storing a component of the
  medium growing the cells had nonylphenol to
  improve impact resistance.
• The chemical, injected into rats, made the
  epithelial lining of the uterus proliferate a
  sign of its being an estrogen.

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Child Development

• If the findings that chemicals like Bisphenol A
  (BPA) are found in the drinking water, house
  dust, and ambient air are true and at tiny levels
  they can affect estrogen receptors think of the
  types of cancers our children will have.
• In the 1950s a womans lifetime risk of breast
  cancer was 1 in 22.
• Today it is 1 in 7.
• It is not a genetic epidemic, it is
  environmental, it is due to endocrine disruption.
• BPA is worth 100 million an hour.
• Banning it will take enormous guts.
• Becoming good detoxifiers forever is critical.

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Infertility/Pregnancy

• When it comes to testing strategies, with all
  people, male or female, it is imperative to do an
  Environmental Pollutants Biomarker test.
• Phthalates, xylene, toluene, benzene, styrene,
  and dimethylbenzene are all developmentally
  toxic.
• Phthalates can damage male DNA in sperm.
• It can also cause shortening of pregnancies by up
  to two weeks and according to research full-term
  babies have markedly higher cognitive scores
  later in life (Larroque, et al, The Lancet, Vol
  371, pg 823).
• Urinary markers of phthalates are vastly superior
  to serum.
• Hogberg, J., A. Hanberg, et al. (2008).
  "Phthalate diesters and their metabolites in
  human breast milk, blood or serum, and urine as
  biomarkers of exposure in vunerable populations."
  Environmental Health Perspectives 116(3) 334-9.

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Infertility/Pregnancy

• Becoming an effective excretor of petrochemicals
  is an important factor in developing a healthy
  fetus.
• In a study published by Hansen, Barnett, and
  Pritchard, in EHP, March 2008, it was found that
  air pollution can actually affect ultrasound
  measures during mid-pregnancy.
• Fetuses were physically affected in body
  measurement by air pollution.
• While the study focused of measurements of ozone,
  nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and particulate
  matter, being a good excretor of any chemical
  would be beneficial.

43
Infertility/Pregnancy

• For women, I would highly suggest doing two
  additional tests.
• A Whole Blood Elements test from DDI would be 1
  as quite often women trying unsuccessfully to
  have a child are very mineral deficient.
• Also, any toxic heavy metal load could decrease
  the chances for a healthy pregnancy.
• In the March 2008 EHP journal, researchers led by
  Leasure, et al, showed that gestational lead
  exposure produced permanent male-specific effects
  including an increase in obesity as well as motor
  deficit, and altered dopamine.
• The responses were dose-dependent.

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Infertility/Pregnancy

• Secondarily, a Plasma Amino Acid test often times
  show broad deficiencies in both essential and
  conditionally essential amino acids.
• With women, there have been some issues with
  increased tryptophan and elevated serotonin
  (especially with 5-HTP) and an increase in
  miscarriages, dysmenorrhea and tubal spasms.
• With males, it may improve sperm viability.
• In a study by Schacter in 1973, 4 grams of
  arginine was used on 178 men and 111 had
  significant improvement, 21 moderate and only 25
  showed no improvement in sperm motility and sperm
  counts.

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Quick Tip

• Total Cholesterol levels are different depending
  on the time of the year.
• In Spring and Summer, Cholesterol is lower than
  in the Fall and Winter.
• When comparing Cholesterol levels be aware of
  this difference which can be as high as 20.
• If you were to design a study to prove your drug
  was good at lowering Cholesterol you would take
  the first measurement in the Winter and the
  second in Late Spring, Early Summer.

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Infertility/Pregnancy

• In the book The Carnitine Miracle author
  unknown, it the role of carnitine was discussed
  in relation to its ability to defend the body
  from stress.
• Also there is a higher quantity of carnitine in
  male sperm.
• A comprehensive blood chemistry is also a very
  important tool to use, especially in women.
• Pre-eclampsia is an important issue to address
  for women seeking to get pregnant or are
  pregnant.
• The LabAssist has a pattern developed to
  evaluate the results of a CBC

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Infertility/Pregnancy

• Pre-eclampsia is an important issue to address
  for women seeking to get pregnant or are
  pregnant.
• The LabAssist has a pattern developed to
  evaluate the results of a CBC for the risk of
  developing pre-eclampsia.
• The pattern is as follows
• Elevated sGOT, sGPT, Alkaline Phosphatase,
  Hematocrit, Potassium, Triglycerides, and Uric
  Acid.
• Normal Hemoglobin
• Decreased Albumin, CO2, Calcium, Glucose,
  Protein, Sodium, Thyroxine, and BUN.

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Infertility/Pregnancy

• In our CardioHormone saliva/blood spot test, the
  pattern looks like this
• Elevated Triglycerides
• Decreased Estradiol, Insulin, Progesterone, and
  Free-T4
• In a healthy pregnancy, there are a number of
  test results that are normal and expected that
  would be considered abnormal otherwise.
• LDL, Total Cholesterol and Uric Acid should
  actually be elevated.

49
Pregnancy

• A urine iodine challenge is another critical test
  to do for pregnant women.
• In the autism pesticide study (Roberts, et al,
  2007 EHP), iodine deficiency may be the mechanism
  by which the incidence of autism rose to exposed
  mothers.
• Since many environmental toxins affect the
  thyroid and the lack of iodine can adversely
  affect the fetus, this is another very important
  test to run.

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Infertility/Pregnancy

• If there is a hesitation to do all of the testing
  here are a few tried and true general
  recommendations.
• Since we all have petrochemically based toxins in
  our system, both the mother and the father should
  begin using a broad spectrum amino acid complex
  with at least one gram of glycine per serving.
• Women should be put on a broad spectrum trace
  mineral supplement.
• They should also be put on a balanced
  electrolyte.
• Add DHA/EPA combination.

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Contact Information

• Dr. Mark Schauss, DB
• 5355 Capital Court, 101
• Reno, NV 89502
• 775-823-5333
• marks_at_crayhon.com
• www.CrayhonResearch.com
• www.MarkSchauss.com
• www.ToxicWorldBook.com