Essentials of Toxicology

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Essentials of Toxicology
Risk Assessment Chapter 4
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Definitions

• Risk Assessment
• Risk is the probability of an adverse outcome
  with exposure to a substance
• Hazard relates to the intrinsic toxic potential
  of the substance
• Risk characterization the relates to the
  qualitative and quantitative assessment of risk
  that associated with a specific hazard

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Definitions

• Risk communication The process of informing
  interested parties
• Decision making What to do, how to do it and
  who to do it for!

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Bioassay and Assessment

• SAR
• In Vitro and In Vivo Short Term Tests
• Animal Bioassay
• Epidemiology

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Epidemiology

• Cohort
• Case control
• Cross Sectional Study

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Risk Characterization

• Effects versus critical effect that leads to
  increased morbidity and mortality
• NOEL
• NOAEL
• LOEL
• LOAEL

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Definitions

• RfD is the NOAEL divided by the Uncertainty
  Factor time the Modifying Factor
• Why do we use factors of 10?
• Safety factor of 100 is 10 times 10.
• Safety factor of 1000 is 10 to the 3d power.

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What are you afraid of?
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What is the Value of Human Life

• By the Person
• By the Year
• By the Event
• Other life units?

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Question

• Risk
• is systematic
• Is scientific
• Is based on the characterization of the potential
  for adverse health effects
• results from exposures to hazardous agents
• All of the above
• None of the above

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Question

• Risk Assessment
• Is a defined by a linear Probit function
• Is easily avoided if you know where to hide
• Requires three consistent inputs to be accurately
  estimated
• Is a way of measuring adverse outcome
• All of the above
• None of the above

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The Last Question How long is the Break?

• 1 minute
• 10 minutes
• 100 minutes
• 1000 minutes
• All of the above
• None of the above

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