Environmental Microbiology

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Environmental Microbiology

• Soil
• Millions of bacteria per gram
• Largest numbers in top portion
• Declines with depth
• Biochemical fire
• Biogeochemical cycles

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• Carbon cycle
• Carbon containing compounds are oxidized and
  reduces.
• Global scale - naturally
• Return of CO2 to atmosphere by respiration is
  balanced by its removal by fixation
• Global scale - human
• Burning of wood and fuels increase CO2 in air
• GLOBAL WARMING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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• Nitrogen cycle
• Needed for synthesis of protein and NA
• To be useable Nitrogen need to be fixed
• Deposition
• Deamination
• Ammonification
• Nitrification
• Denitrification
• Nitrogen Fixation

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• Sulfur Cycle
• Acid deposition
• Phosphorus cycle
• Decomposition
• Bioremediation
• Bioaugementation
• Composting
• Biofilms

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Water

• Water pollution
• Infectious disease
• Chemical pollution
• Water testing
• Water treatment
• Flocculation
• Filtration
• Sewage/Waste water

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Sewage/Waste Water

• 1000 tons of sewage per day
• Bodies of water can manage sewage, but system
  overwhelmed
• 70 of World dump raw sewage
• Primary treatment
• Screen out floating matter
• Settling chambers
• Solids called primary sludge
• Effluent (liquid) removed for further treatment

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• Biochemical oxygen demand checked
• How much O2 required to metabolize material
• More O2 demand the worse for aquatic environment
• Secondary Treatment
• Aeration phase 4-8 hours
• Inoculation with old sludge
• Settling tanks
• Secondary sludge removed to landfill or
  incinerator
• Effluent treated and released

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