MASSAGE

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MASSAGE

• Pressure and stretching are provided in a
  rhythmic fashion to the soft tissues
• Graham (in1884) a group of procedures which are
  usually done with hands such as friction
  ,kneading, rolling and percussion of the external
  tissue of the body in a variety of ways , either
  with a curative , palliative or hygienic object
  in view

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History of massage

• Babylonia (900 BC) prescribed massage to expel
  demons and to aid in healing .
• In china the nei ching written around 1000 BC
  also embraced massage
• In india ayur_veda 1200_1500 BC
• In Greek and roman literature hippocrates plato
  socrates
• Asclepiades he recommended hydrotherapy
  exercise massage
• Per herik ling

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Physiologic effects

• Reflexive
• mechanical
• psychological

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Reflexive effects

• Reflex vasodilatation with improvement in
  circulation
• Decrease in pain by means of the gate control or
  release of endogenous opiates or
  neurotransmitters
• General relaxation
• Increased perspiration

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Mechanical effects

• Assists in venous blood return from the periphery
  to the CNS
• Increase lymphatic drainage
• Decrease muscle tightness
• Prevents or breaks adhesions in muscles,
  tendons, and ligaments
• Softens scars
• Loosening of secretionsexample COPD

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Psychological effect

• Laying of hands promotes a sense of general
  well-being
• There is no effect on the metabolism. Massage
  will not affect muscle strength, mass, or rate of
  atrophy of denervated muscle

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Common techniques of therapeutic massage

• Effleurage
• Pétrissage
• Tapotement
• Friction massage

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Effleurage

• Gliding movement of
  the skin without deep
  
  muscle movement
  used for muscle
  relaxation

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Pétrissage

• Kneading massage ,it involves both hands
  compressing the skin between the thumb fingers
• to increase circulation and reduce edema adhesion

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Tapotement

• Percussion. Helps
  with desensitization,
  allows clearing of
  
  secretions, and
  improves circulation
  Used for chest
  therapy
  in conjunction with
  postural drainage

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Friction massage

• Prevents adhesions in acute muscle injuries and
  breaks adhesions in subacute and chronic
  injuries. Also reduces local muscle spasm, and
  decreases edema. Can be applied transverse or
  perpendicular to the muscle, tendon, or ligament
  fibers

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Indication

• Reduced pain
• relaxation
• Reduced muscle tension
• Improved blood lymph circulation
• Increased mobility of soft tissue
• Treatments can be provided to the
  extremities515 minutes, or given to the trunk
  (neck,
• back, abdomen) which ranges from 1530 minutes

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Contraindications

• Do not use over malignancies
• Avoid open wounds, infected tissues, burns
• Nerve entrapments. Severe pressure over trigger
  points has produced hematoma formation
• with subsequent nerve entrapment, in severe
  cases.
• Acute inflammatory conditions gout, rheumatoid
  arthritis, cellulitis, thrombophlebitis.
• DVT
• Severe varicose veins
• Severe clotting disorders or patients on
  anticoagulation

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