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Title: Pr


1
Impact and effects of ICT systems approaches and
results Budapest, 2003 Yves Loerincik, Sangwon
Suh, Christophe Matas, Olivier Jolliet, Jean-Marc
Revaz
2
ICT systems
  • ICT systems Internet, computer networks,
    monitoring systems etc.
  • Complexity of the equipment
  • Influence of services
  • Impact or benefits of the system and indirect
    effects
  • Hidden impacts
  • Approaches
  • Process, Input-Output and hybrid LCA

3
Challenges
  • To point out where are the main impacts in order
    to be as efficient as possible in reducing them
  • To understand the impacts and the benefits
    linked to the use of ICT systems and the indirect
    effects
  • ? Reducing the impacts and promoting the benefits

4
  • The case study of the Swiss Federal Institute of
    Technology (EPFL) Internet infrastructure

5
Step 1 Inventory of the necessary equipment for
the Internet infrastructure at the EPFL
The functional unit Internet infrastructure
during one year
6
Corresponding annual costs
7
Non-renewable embodied primary energy, comparison
between use and production phase (absolute value)
8
Comparison between Input-Output and process LCA
9
Remarks
  • PCs are dominating (control unit (cpu) screen)
  • Contribution of the switches and servers are
    significant
  • Use phase is in most of the cases dominating
  • The embodied energy during production is
    significant
  • IO LCA value is two times the PLCA result

10
Comparison of various case study for the
non-renewable primary embodied energy of computers
11
Different levels of comprehensiveness
Yellow not normally considered in a PLCA
12
Remark
  • We only took into account the necessary physical
    equipment of the Internet infrastructure. But, if
    we have a closer look (see next slide), the main
    expenses related to a computer network come from
    other sectors than equipment (for example
    software, maintenance, management, etc).

13
If the boundaries are extended
Management Costs Administration 34 End user
downtime 35 Co-worker time
14 Application developmt 14 Disaster
prevention 5 Disaster recovery 12
14
Annual Costs, EPFL Internet
15
Considering the other expenses and using an IO LCA
TCO Total Cost of Ownership
16
New approach
  1. Start with the EPFL expenses
  2. Allocation to Internet (time, value, space, )
  3. Input-Output LCA ? first screening
  4. Hybrid analysis ? more precisions

17
EPFL expenses allocated to the Internet
infrastructure
hardware
IT-services
maintenance
labor
buildings
electricity
18
First screening results (IO LCA) for the CO2
emission for one year
19
  • The monitoring system of the city of Martigny

20
The problematic
  • - Cities are confronted with urging problems
    related to evolutions and recent events.
  • The major part of the Worlds population is
    living in the cities.
  • For urban network managers the challenge is to
    run a good working infrastructure with respect to
    the citizen needs.

21
The approach
Urbistic Urban management Systemic The city
is composed by networks, that are systems, time
and space dependent water, gas, sewage,
electricity, district heating or cooling, cabled
TV, telecommunication (voice, data, image),
transportation and so on.
22
Monitoring the flows
Measuring the flows within the
city Understanding the interactions and the
dynamic behaviour of the whole urban system
Reacting Actions aiming at improving these
phenomena and coordinations can be defined only
if the first two steps have been taken.
23
Description of the system
Martigny, Switzerland, 15'000 inhabitants. Using
microcomputers and the cabled TV network, the MAN
(metropolitan area network) produces every hour a
total of more than 300 measures of consumption
24
Measuring station
  • Measurements
  • Water
  • Electricity
  • Gas
  • District heating

25
Benefits
  • Examples of actions
  • Analysis of the gas and district heating
    consuming facilities a systematic over sizing of
    the equipment was detected in 90 of the studied
    cases
  • Electricity consumption of the heating plant the
    global electrical consumption has decreased in a
    significant way
  • Inadequate watering detection, the urban
    utilities has defered the investments for a new
    reservoir and save more than 300000 m3 a year
  • dynamic tariffing

26
Comparison Infrastructure versus benefits
27
Comparison Infrastructure versus benefits
28
Conclusion
  • Input-Output approach enables a rapid screening
  • Process and hybrid approach can be used to go
    more in details, take into account
    particularities (for instance regional
    characteristics)
  • Impact of services can be evaluated
  • Impact of indirect effects can be evaluated
    (provided that we know what they are)

29
Future work
  • To carry on with the hybrid analysis to have
    more precise results
  • To better evaluate the impact of service
  • Work together with social scientists to better
    evaluate the indirect effects and their
    corresponding environmental effect
  • Forecast the environmental effect of future
    technologies

30
  • 11th SETAC LCA Case Studies Symposium
  • 2003 European Meeting of the International
    Society for Industrial Ecology
  • 21st Swiss LCA Discussion Forum
  •  Environmental Assessment in the Information
    Society 
  • 3rd 4th december 2003, Lausanne
  • http//www.setaceu.org, yves.loerincik_at_epfl.ch
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