Dr' Marjorie Peace Lenn

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• Dr. Marjorie Peace Lenn
• Executive Director
• Center for Quality Assurance in International
  Education
• National Center for Higher Education
• Washington, D.C.
• www.cqaie.org
• October 1, 2004
• CLEAR Kansas City

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• KNOWLEDGE
• has become the
• single most
• important
• factor in
• economic development
• and
• global competitiveness

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• Higher Education Concerns
• 1. Appropriate Objectives
• 2. Good Management
• 3. Effective Operations
• Quality Assurance/
• Accreditation

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• Professions Concerns
• 1. Code of Conduct/Ethics
• 2. Keeping Current in Practice
• 3. Mobility
• Competency Assurance/
• Certification and Licensure

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• Shared Characteristics Quality Competency
  Assurance
• Defines by Setting Standards
• Assists in Reform Efforts
• Provides Structure for Improvement/Planning
• Assists Users to Make Choices Decisions

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• GPS 1 ACCESS
• GPS 2 MOBILITY
• GPS 3 QUALITY

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• GPS 1 ACCESS
• GPS 2 MOBILITY
• GPS 3 QUALITY

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• ACCESS
• Global Supply of Learners
• Year Global Asia
• 1990 48M 17M
• 2025 159M 87M
• Source International Education Australias
  Potential Demand Supply, IDB

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Tertiary Enrollment Ratios, 1995
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National Quality Assurance Agencies A Global View
The scope and status of agencies vary, depending
on countries. The list is not exhaustive,
especially where there are rapidly growing
movements as governments face pressing needs to
establish a quality assurance agency.
courtesy of OECD/CERI
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Share of Enrollment in Private Higher Education
(percent)
Note In the few Western European countries which
have a high proportion of enrollments in private
institutions (for example, Belgium and the
Netherlands), higher education continues to be
almost entirely financed by the state which
subsidizes both public and private higher
education institutions. Source World Bank 2003
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Transnational Education

• Branch Campuses
• Study Abroad
• Franchises
• Twinning
• Distance Education
• Corporate Programs

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Largest Importers

• Canada
• France
• Germany
• United Kingdom
• United States
• (63 of 1.2 million market)
• UNESCO

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Largest Exporters

• Australia 4 billion
• United Kingdom 3 billion
• United States 13 billion
• Sources DETYA, USTR, COMMERCE

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Top Ten Services Exports

• Travel 71.3 bill
• Transportation 45.5 bill
• Financial Svcs 16.5 bill
• Commercial, Professional Technical Svcs 16.3
  bill
• Education and Training Services 13.0 bill
• Entertainment 7.1 bill
• Information Svcs 4.0 bill
• Telecom 3.7 bill
• Equip Installation, Maintenance Repair 3.7
  bill
• Healthcare 1.2 bill

Source International Trade Administration,
US Department of Commerce
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• GPS 1 ACCESS
• GPS 2 MOBILITY
• GPS 3 QUALITY

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Effects of Regionalism

• More outward-looking stance
• Greater liberalization of national policy
• Equal partnership with other countries
• Source Regional Integration, World Bank, 2003

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• MUTUAL
• RECOGNITION
• AGREEMENTS
• MRAs

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Regional Free Trade Agreements Toward MRAs

• MERCOSUR
• Engineering, Medicine, Agronomy
• EU
• European Consortium for Accreditation in Higher
  Education (ECA)
• APEC
• Engineering Architecture
• US-CANADA
• Medicine, Engineering, Dentistry, Accountancy

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Global Definitions of Professions

• Engineering Washington Accord
• Architecture IUA
• Accounting WTO
• Nurse Anesthesia IFNA
• Teacher Education - IRTE

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Regional QA Organizations

• ENQA EUROPE
• ECA EUROPE
• CCA CENTRAL AMERICA
• APQN ASIA PACIFIC
• AAAC CANADA
• ASPA USA
• CHEA - USA

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• Professional Accreditation and Certification
• Gateways to Quality and Mobility in the Americas
• June 10-11, 2004
• Mexico City
• Co-Sponsors
• Ministries of Education Mexico and Chile
• Ministries of Trade Mexico and Chile
• Organization for Economic Cooperation and
  Development
• The World Bank
• Coordinator
• The Center for Quality Assurance in International
  Education

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GLOBALIZING PROFESSIONSAND THE CENTER FOR
QUALITY ASSURANCE IN INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION

• Allied Health (Latin America)
• Occupational Therapy (Also Europe)
• Physical Therapy (Also Europe)
• Speech Language Hearing
• Management Accounting
• (Global C/EEurope)
• Engineering (Global Asia)
• Architecture (Global Asia)
• Medicine (Eastern Europe)
• Counseling (Global)
• Law (Eastern Europe)

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Impact of Trade Agreements on Higher Education

• National higher education
• policy liberalization
• Common standards for
• professional education
• Cross-border provision on
• higher education by private
• providers and
• Mutual recognition of
• academic credentials

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• GPS 1 ACCESS
• GPS 2 MOBILITY
• GPS 3 QUALITY

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Center for Quality Assurance in International
EducationGlobal Activity National Quality and
Competency Assurance Capacity Building

• AMERICAS
• Mexico, English Speaking Caribbean, Argentina,
  Bolivia, Chile, Colombia
• Regional Coordination Organization of American
  
• States, Inter American Press Association
• AFRICA
• Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa
• Regional Coordination Association of African
  
• Universities, South African Universities Vice
  Chancellors Association
• MIDDLE EAST
• United Arab Emirates, Israel, Oman, West Bank and
  Gaza
• Regional Coordination GCC, World Bank
• ASIA
• Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan,
  Malaysia,
• Peoples Republic of China, Thailand,
  Vietnam
• Regional Coordination World Bank, UNDP, OECD,
  
• Chinese Society for Evaluation of Higher
  Education

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INQAAHE

• International Network of
• Quality Assurance Agencies
• in Higher Education
• 1991 20 countries
• 2004 80 countries
• www.inqaahe.org
• Principles of Good Practice

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Regional Program for EA/PAsia Pacific Quality
Network

• Regional Quality Assurance Services
• Regional Pool of External Reviewers
• Regional Information Clearinghouse
• Regional Staff Exchanges
• Regional Training and Development
• Liaison Functions with Regional and
• Global Organizations

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OECD-UNESCO2005 Goals

• Provide better information on how to
  recognize bogus institutions of
• higher education and bogus
• accrediting bodies
• Create an international recognition
• process for national quality
• assurance bodies
• Encourage regional associations
• of quality assurance bodies
• Create an international database
• of accredited institutions and

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How Not to Globalize a Profession

• Multiple levels of practice
• Uncommon Standards for Education Practice
• Emphasis on Inputs rather than Outcomes
• Multiple routes to accreditation and
  certification
• Immature or multiple International
  Organization(s)
• Protectionists vs. Globalists

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• Key Lessons
• The Professions are Globalizing
• Countries Need to Keep Pace
• Growing Reliance on World Standard Professional
  Practice (Global Competencies)
• Need to Strengthen Capacity in National
  Professional Bodies
• Gain Strength in Regional Cooperation

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• GPS 1 ACCESS
• GPS 2 MOBILITY
• GPS 3 QUALITY