Engineered Muscle Testing Apparatus

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Engineered Muscle Testing Apparatus

• Aidan Yandell (Presenter)
• Mike Berry
• Danielle Senge
• MENTOR
• Dr. Gregory H. Borschel, M.D.

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NEED

• Muscle Tissue Replacement is Necessary When the
  Body Experiences
• Traumatic injury
• Tumor ablation
• Functional damage due to myopathies
• Facts
• Limited amount of available, functioning tissue
• Cardiac tissue does NOT regenerate itself

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BACKGROUND

• Engineered Muscle Tissue
• In-vitro
• angiogenesis
• In-vivo
• GOAL OF LAB To develop a muscle tissue
  replacement that will function as well as the
  original muscle

How Can We Test Engineered Muscle Tissue?
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SCOPE

• The scope of our project is to design a device
  that accurately tests newly engineered muscle
  tissue for force response post electrical
  stimulation and formats results in a manner that
  is comparable with current native muscle response
  data.

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DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

• - Force Transducer
• Max range gt force generated by myooids (2000 µN)
• Resolution 1.4 µN
• Signal Amplifier
• After amplification plus voltage should be
  adjustable over range of 0.0-100 V
• Resolution at least 0.1 V
• DC coupled
• Software
• System must permit control of pulse width, pulse
  amplitude (voltage), pulse frequency, and
  duration of each pulse train
• Capable of recording data, creating length-force,
  force-voltage, and force-frequency curves

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DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Cont.

• Way to vary muscle length during testing
• Electric Stimulator
• Temperature Maintenance Platform
• 37º C
• Pulse Expander
• Allows data acquisition system to detect
  stimulation pulses at low sampling rates by
  widening each pulse before detection
• Way to attach transducer arm to tissue sample

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EXISTING TECHNOLOGY 1

• Constructed Force Transducer (not patented)
• 36-guage parallel platinum wire electrodes
• Transverse electric field between parallel
  electrodes
• Stimulation controlled by a computer
• Data Acquisition done through LabVIEW
• Signal Amplified Using a Crown DC-300 Amplifier

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Exploration of Existing Solution
Data Acquisition System
Force Transducer
Engineered Muscle Specimen
Parallel Wire Electrodes
Experimental Set-Up
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DRAWBACKS

• Use of wax to attach transducer to tissue sample
• No temperature control to measure tissue response
  at natural conditions
• To vary muscle length one must measure response,
  detach transducer, lengthen tissue, reattach
  transducer, measure response again, etc. until
  peak measurement is found
• Can only handle small tissue samples
• Want final results to be comparable to known
  muscle data

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OTHER EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES

• NASA uses force transducers to test muscle
  response for analysis of muscle degeneration in
  low gravity environments

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Preliminary Analyses Performed

• Specific Force Maximal Tetanic Force /
• Total Cross-Sectional Area of Construct
• Starlings Mechanism
• Blue Line As resting muscle is
• stretched, tension increases
• exponentially
• Red Line Represents sum of
• tension generated due to muscle
• contraction and resting tension

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LITERATURE

• Excitability and Isometric Contractile Properties
  of Mammalian Skeletal Muscle Constructs
  Engineered In-vitro
• Dennis, Robert G. Paul E. Kosnik. In-vitro
  Cellular Developmental Biology 2000
• Mesenchymal Cell Culture Instrumentation and
  Methods for Evaluating Engineered Muscle
• Dennis, Robert G. Paul E. Kosnik. Methods of
  Tissue Engineering 2002
• Myocardial Engineering In-vivo Formation and
  Characterization of Contractile, Vascularized
  Three-Dimensional Cardiac Tissue
• Birla, Ravi K. Gregory H. Borschel Robert G.
  Dennis David L. Brown. Tissue Engineering 2005
• Tissue-Engineered Axially Vascularized
  Contractile Skeletal Muscle
• Borschel, Gregory H. Douglas E. Dow Robert G.
  Dennis David L. Brown Experimental Plastic and
  Reconstructive Surgery 2006

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PATENTS

• -System and Method for Emulating an In Vivo
  Environment of a Muscle Tissue Specimen
• Inventors Dennis, Kosnik
• -Method of Measuring Axial Force in Mammalian
  Fibrous Tissue and Device
• Inventors Butler, Grood, Stouffer, Glos
• -Subminiature Insertable Force Transducer
• Inventors Fletcher, Silver Lewis, Feldstein,
  Duran

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Preliminary Design Schedule
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Current Organization of Team Responsibilities
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QUESTIONS???