Overview of Sudanese Malaria Programme

1
Overview

• Operational Research In Sudan Vector Control
  Programme
• Mustafa Y. H. Dukeen
• Consultant Vector Biologist
• Nat. Malaria Cont. Prog.
• Khartoum, Sudan
• January ,2003

2
Historical Background

• 1902-3 Wellcome Tropical Research Lab . (
  Wellcome H. Balfour A. )
• 1904 Medical Department estab. in KRT.
• 1924 Kitchener Sch. of Med.1st Med. Sch. in
  Trop. Africa founded in KRT.
• 1935 a division for labs Res. Establish.
• After 1905 Balfour Stud. Mosq. Bionom. Map KRT,
  mosq. Control (contain malaia).

3
Historical Background (contd.)

• 1927-69 Stack Med. Res. Labs.(D.Lewis).
• 1940 Incriminat.of Aedes species Yellow fever
  Outbreak(Nuba Mount)
• 1961-63 Malaria Pre-Eradic. Survey
• 1980-90BNHP (research conducted)
• 1963-present Nat.Malaria Admin. (mosquito
  behaviour ecology, insecticides alternative
  interventions)

4
Main activities

• Vector Species identification (morphologically
  cytogenetically)
• Vector distribution mapping
• Vector behaviour and ecology studies
• Insecticides assessment
• KAP studies on ITNs
• Studies on alternative interventions

5
Outcome

• Species identification and distribution
• Malaria vectors
• 31 species identified
• 3 species incriminated
• Yellow fever vectors
• 3 species incriminated
• Leishmaniasis vectors
• 3 species incriminated
• Onchocerciasis vectors
• 2 species vectors
• Trypansomiasis vectors
• 3 species vectors

6
Outcome (cont.)

• Vector behaviour and ecology studies
• Egg Adult cycle
• Feeding habits
• Resting sites
• Breeding sites

7
Outcome (cont.)

• Insecticides assessment (Mal.vectors )
  (last update 2001)
• DDT effective all over the country except
  Gez.,Sen.,Krt , W.Nile Ged. States
• Malathion effective all over the country except
  Gez.,Sen.,Krt. W.Nile States
• Fenitrothion effective all over the country
• Deltamethrin effective all over the country
• Temophos effective all over the country

8
Outcome (cont.)

• ITNs KAP studies
• Krt.(99/00),N.Kord.(98/00) Up.N.(97/99) states
  (in up.N. 41 reduction in Mal. cases)
• Studies on alternative interventions
• FishGambusia affinis
• Bacteria Bacillus thur. 14 Bt sph.
• Plants extracts Indica spp. (Neem) etc.

9
Constraints

• Limited resources
• No practical implement. of Res.results
• Lack of Integration bet. Res.institutes and
  Control programs
• Inaccessability to advanced techniques
• Unrest

10
Challenges

• Brain drain
• Capacity building
• Poor Res. institutional infrastructre
•  Functional research committee
• Regional collaboration
• Sustainability

11
Achievements

• Identificat. Map. of main vectors of disease
• Bionomics of vectors
• Monitoring insect resistance to insecticides
• Evaluate new insecticides IRS operat.
• KAP studies on ITNs
• Biological agents(fish, Bt14, sphiricus etc..)
• Cotribution in develop. Nat. Plan(s)in Disease
  Cont. Prog.(malaria )
• SIT project
• Training staff working in vector control prog.

12
Research Projects priorities

• Update information on spp. Ident.(DNA
  polymorphism) , distribution mapping (GIS RS).
  
• Update information on insecticide resistance(WHO
  st.techniques)
• ITNs (more studies )
• studies on alternative interventions elements .
• Studies on vector population dynamics

13
Thank you