Process Skills

1
Process Skills

• In science, the ways of thinking, measuring,
  solving problems, and using thoughts are called
  PROCESS.
• Science process skills may be divided into two
  types
• Basic skills
• Integrated skills

2
Basic Skills

• Observation
• Classification
• Communication
• Measurement
• Estimation
• Prediction
• Inference

3
Integrated Skills

• Identifying variables
• Controlling variables
• Defining operationally
• Hypothesizing
• Experimenting
• Graphing
• Interpreting
• Modeling
• Investigating

4
Observation

• Rationale
• Objectives
• Types of observations

5
Pretest

• Given a paper clip, which of the following is not
  considered to be an observation?
• The wire bends easily.
• It is made of aluminum.
• It weighs 0.5 gram.
• It is one centimeter in length.
• It reflects sunlight.

B
6
Pretest

• A student makes the following statement about a
  violin. Which of the following represents
  quantitative observation?
• The frequency of a sound it produces is 440
  cycles per second.
• It weighs 1 kilogram.
• It is 50 centimeters long.
• It has four strings.
• Its strings are 0.5 centimeters apart.

A B C D E
7
Observation

• Types of observations
• Qualitative
• Quantitative
• Types of situations
• Static
• Dynamic

8
Review Questions

• A student makes the following statements about
  things he/she observed in the classroom. Which
  statements represent qualitative observation?
  Which statements represent quantitative
  observation? Can any be classified as both
  qualitative and quantitative? Are any statements
  inferences or predictions?

9

• The teacher spoke very softly
• Four children talked to each other while the
  teacher was at the board.
• The children were frightened by a wasp
• The children looked forward to recess
• The children were fidgety
• The space in the room for playing was 10 square
  meters per child.
• The teacher will dismiss the class at noon.

Observation, Qualitative
Observation, qualitative Quantitative
Inference frightened, qualitative
Inference look forward
Observation, qualitative
Observation, quantitative
Prediction will dismiss
10
Lets observe.