Population Patterns

1
Population Patterns
section 21.1
2
Population Distribution

• Worlds highest birth and growth rates
• 3 growth rate means the population of
  sub-Saharan Africa ( 570 million ) will double in
  20 years
• Worlds shortest life expectancy and lowest
  economic growth rate
• Uneven population distribution is closely linked
  to physical geography.
• Deserts and arid steppes cover 2/3 of Africa,
  resulting in dense populations on coast lines of
  Western and Southeastern Africa and the lakes of
  East Africa.

3
Population and Economics

• 70 of sub-Saharan Africans are farmers but due
  to exhausted soil and drought food production has
  dropped 20 since 1970 causing famine and poor
  nutrition to claim lives.
• Impure water- only 37 sub-Saharan Africans have
  clean water to drink
• Disease- the tsetse fly carries viruses and AIDS
  is widespread
• a lack of doctors and health care equipment make
  the problems worse

4
Economy

• SSA suffers the lowest standard of living in the
  world
• The population grows at 3 , but its economy
  grows at only 1.5
• Total Gross Domestic Product is 150 Billion

5
Urbanization

• Most cities lie on the coast,along major rivers
  or near resources.
• Trade and urbanization play an important part in
  growth
• urbanization-movement of people from rural areas
  into cities. .

• Africa is the least urbanized of any continent.
• In the next 50 years,the number of urban Africans
  will have increased 10 times!

6
Population Diversity

• Ethnic groups- people with similar histories and
  cultures.
• Ethnic groups dont control their own land,
  instead they are brought together or divided by
  political boundaries.
• Africans speak more than 800 languages and
  numerous dialects.

7
SSA has been far more severely affected by AIDS
than any other part of the world. The United
Nations reports that 25.3 million adults and
children are infected with the HIV virus in the
region, which has about 10 of the world's
population but more than 70 of the worldwide
total of infected people. The overall rate of
infection among adults in sub-Saharan Africa is
about 8.8, compared with a 1.1 infection rate
worldwide. Sixteen countries, mostly in eastern
and southern Africa, have HIV infection rates of
more than 10, and the rate has reached 35.8 in
Botswana. An est. 17 million Africans have lost
their lives to AIDS, including 2.4 million who
died in 2000. AIDS has surpassed malaria as the
leading cause of death in Africa, and it kills
many times more Africans than war. In Africa, HIV
is spread primarily by heterosexual contact, and
sub-Saharan Africa is the only region of the
world where women are infected at a higher rate
than men.
8
The overall life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa
has dropped precipitously over the past 10 years,
mostly because of the AIDS epidemic, the WHO
says. Life expectancy dropped for female babies
from 51.1 years to 46.3 years. For males, the
level dropped from 47.3 years to 44.8
years. All of the bottom 10 countries were in
sub-Saharan Africa, where the HIV-AIDS epidemic
is rampant. In ascending order beginning with
191, those countries were Sierra Leona, 25.9
years of healthy life for babies born in 1999
Niger, 29.1 Malawi, 29.4 Zambia, 30.3
Botswana, 32.3 Uganda, 32.7 Rwanda, 32.8
Zimbabwe, 32.9 Mali, 33.1 and Ethiopia, 33.5.
9
Selected Gross Domestic Products

• U.S.- 9.9 Trillion/ 36,200 per capita
• Germany- 1.9 Trillion/ 23,400 per capita
• Mexico- 915 Billion/ 9,100 per capita
• Uganda- 24.2 Billion/ 1,060 per capita
• Sierra Leonne- 2.7 Billion/ 510 per capita
• South Africa-369 Billion/8,500 per capita
• Nigeria- 117 Billion/ 950 per capita
• Namibia- 7.6 Billion/ 4,300 per capita
• Chad- 8.1 Billion/ 1,000 per capita

10
Civil War in Sudan

• An article in National Geographic from Feb. 2003
  chronicles the situation in Sudan. A civil war
  which has been going on for years due to
  different ethnic groups being forced together in
  one country by colonialism (British) is now being
  affected by the presence of oil.
• Read the article and turn in a 2-page reaction
  paper for 20 extra credit points.
• Due Thursday, 2/10/05.