Forestry

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Forestry

• By Johnny M. Jessup
• FFA Advisor/Agriculture Teacher

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Introduction

• There are 483 million acres of timberland in the
  United States and 248 million acres of other
  forestland for a total of 731 million acres.

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What is Forestry?

• . is the management of forests.
• A forest is a complex association of trees,
  shrubs, and plants which all contribute to the
  life of the community.

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A Forest Consists of

• Evergreens
• Trees that do not shed their leaves on a yearly
  basis.
• Conifers
• Evergreens trees that have needle-like leaves and
  produce lumber called softwood.

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Important Softwood Species

• Southern Pine
• Includes loblolly, longleaf, shortleaf, slash
  pine.
• Most commonly used for pulpwood plywood.
• Douglas Fir
• Perhaps the most important species of tree in the
  U.S.
• Used for construction lumber plywood.
• Frazier Fir
• Used for commercial Christmas tree production.
• Grown in the mountains of North Carolina.

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A Conifer Forest
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A Forest Consists of

• Deciduous Trees
• Trees that shed their leaves or needles every
  year and produce lumber called hardwood.
• Lumber
• Boards that are sawed from the trees and sold by
  the board foot.
• Board Foot
• A unit of measurement for lumber equal
  to 1 x 12 x 12.

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Important Hardwood Species

• Ash
• Used for handles baseball bats.
• Resembles oak has a high resistance to shock.
• Birch
• Used for furniture, plywood, paneling.
• Made into veneer.
• Oak (Red White)
• Flooring, furniture, fencing.
• Very strong wood.

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A Deciduous Forest
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Forestry Products

• Plywood
• Construction material made of thin material made
  of thin layers of wood glued together.
• Pulpwood
• Wood used for making fiber for paper and other
  products.
• Veneer
• Very thin sheet of wood glued to a cheaper
  species of wood that is used in paneling
  furniture making.

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Forest/Wood Lot Management
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Forest Management

• Proper management of a wooded area involves more
  than just the harvest of trees or the removal of
  unwanted species.
• Many factors have to be taken into consideration
  such as soil, water, type of trees, and
  availability of markets.
• Scientific growing of trees is silviculture.

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Goals of Forest Management

• To use forest resources without depletion of
  forest lands.
• Profit to the wood lot owner while preserving
  making wise use of resources.

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Replacing Harvested Trees

• Necessary in all but virgin forest or forests
  that have never been harvested by humans.
• Least expensive way of seeding is to replace
  harvested trees is natural seeding.
• Source of seed must be available in forest.

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Replacing Harvested Trees

• A surer method of replacing harvested trees is to
  plant seedlings.
• Can be planted with one species or several
  compatible species.

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Managing Growing Timber

• Prescribed burn
• Used to reduce risk of wild fires by eliminating
  forest litter.
• Prescribed thinning
• Recommended to remove some trees when competition
  slows the growth of all trees.

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Harvesting Timber

• Clear Cutting
• All trees in an area are removed.
• Seed-Tree Cutting
• Cutting all but a few larger trees that remains
  as seed bearers.

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Harvesting Timber

• Shelterwood Cutting
• Enough trees are left standing to reseed the lot
  and to protect the area until the young trees are
  well established.
• Diameter Limit Cutting
• All trees above a certain diameter are cut.
• Selection Cutting
• Used in mixed forests of trees consisting of
  different ages species.

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Careers Equipment in Forestry
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Forest Careers

• Are related to growing, managing,
  harvesting trees for wood
  wood by-products.
• Examples
• Forester
• Forest Ranger
• Logging Foreman

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Careers

• Foresters
• A service-oriented career that helps with the
  science of growing trees.
• Provide assistance in managing forests for the
  family as well as the commercial grower.
• May recommend reseeding a harvested tract with
  the most appropriate seedlings.

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Careers

• Forest Ranger
• Find employment primarily with the government to
  manage forests on state and federal lands but may
  also assist with fire prevention, etc. on private
  lands as well.

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Careers

• Timber cruiser
• Hired by private landowners companies to
  estimate the tree volume on a tract of land.
• Do outdoor work that requires
  physical stamina.
• Require a high school
  diploma and special
  
  training in estimating tree
  
  volume value of timber.

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Careers

• Logging Foreman
• Supervises a crew involved in the harvesting
  phase.
• Responsible for overseeing managing logging
  operations.

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Careers

• Chain Saw Felling Machine Operators
• Take down trees prepare them for loading.

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Careers

• Skidder Operator
• Move felled trees from the cutting site to
  the loading area.

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Careers

• Loaders
• Load felled trees on logging trucks.

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Forestry Equipment

• Increment Borer
• Checking growth rate of trees.
• Used to determine the age of trees within a stand.

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Forestry Equipment

• Planting Bar
• Used for setting out tree seedlings.

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Forestry Equipment

• Tree Scale Stick
• Used to estimate tree volume.

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Forestry Equipment

• Tree tape
• Gives the most accurate measurement in
  determining the average circumference of trees.

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Measuring Trees
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Biltmore Tree Scale Stick

• Used to measure diameter and height in trees.
• The stick is 25 inches long.
• This is also the distance you hold the stick from
  your eye when measuring.

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Measuring Diameter

• Measure diameter at dbh (Diameter at Breast
  Height).
• dbh 4 ½ feet from the ground

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Measuring Height

• We measure height by walking 1 chain from the
  base of the tree.
• 1 chain 66 feet

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Measuring Height
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Timber Marking

• Selecting trees that are to be cut before
  the harvest.
• Select individual trees that are.
• Inferior species value wise
• Short bodied or otherwise poorly formed
• Overmature
• Injured as a result of disease, insects, etc.

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Designed By

• Johnny M. Jessup, FFA Advisor
• Hobbton High School