PSTC SLIDE FORMAT

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DECEPTION
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AIM
To introduce Deception as an influence activity
within Information Operations
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REFERENCES

• B-GL-354-003/FP-001, Land Force Information
  Operation Deception
• B-GL-300-001/FP-001, Land Ops, Chap 5
• B-GL-323-004/FP-003, COIN Ops, Chap 8
• Military Deception Joint Publication 3-13.4
  (US)

Open the gate! Its a big weiner dog!
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MAIN TEACHING POINTS

• Definition
• Perception Management
• Deception Principles
• Deception Planning
• Components of Deception
• Planning Process
• Conclusion

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DECEPTION
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DECEPTION
Genghis Khan
Alexander of Macedon
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DECEPTION IN NATURE
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SOME STATISTICS

• Deceiving A WAY OF LIFE
• THE DAY AMERICA TOLD THE TRUTH
• (PRENTICE HALL)
• ...OVER 90 ROUTINELY BEND THE TRUTH,(SAY WHAT
  OTHERS WANT TO HEAR)
• TO ABOUT
• PARENTS 86 FEELINGS 81
• FRIENDS 75 INCOME 43
• SIBLINGS 73 SEX 40
• SPOUSES 69

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IS DECEPTION....

• Misinformation?
• or
• Disinformation?

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(No Transcript)
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DEFINITION

• Actions executed to deliberately mislead
  adversary decision makers as to friendly military
  capabilities, intentions, and operations, thereby
  causing the adversary
• to take specific actions (or inactions) that will
  contribute to the accomplishment of the friendly
  mission

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DECEPTIONS PRIMARY GOAL

• Support the Commanders mission and concept of
  operations

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DECEPTION PHILOSOPHYUSES PERCEPTION MANAGEMENT

• Make the adversary commander see the battlefield
  a certain way
• Based on biases, we seek to reinforce the
  adversarys own ideas of reality
• Condition the adversary

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PERCEPTION MANAGEMENT
Technology Systems
Act
Sensor Systems
Observe
Perception Based Process
Decide
Orient
Perception Development Process
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10 PRINCIPLES OF DECEPTION

• Magruders Principles
• Law of Small Numbers
• Cry-Wolf
• Jones Dilemma
• Choice of Deception

• Axelrods Contribution
• Sequencing Rule
• Importance of Feedback
• Monkeys Paw
• Placement of Material

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10 PRINCIPLES OF DECEPTION

• Magruders principles (Exploitation of
  perceptions)

Normandy Landings 6 June 1944
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10 PRINCIPLES OF DECEPTION

• Law of small numbers

Operation Barbarossa
Normandy Invasion
Cuban Missile Crisis
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10 PRINCIPLES OF DECEPTION

• Cry Wolf

Pearl Harbour
Tet Offensive
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10 PRINCIPLES OF DECEPTION

• Jones Dilemma

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10 PRINCIPLES OF DECEPTION

• A Choice Among Types of Deception

A - Type
M - Type
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10 PRINCIPLES OF DECEPTION

• A Choice Among Types of Deception

A - Type
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10 PRINCIPLES OF DECEPTION

• A Choice Among Types of Deception

M - Type
Operation Fortitude
Operation Kajaki
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10 PRINCIPLES OF DECEPTION
Axelrods Contribution
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10 PRINCIPLES OF DECEPTION
A Sequencing Rule
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10 PRINCIPLES OF DECEPTION
The Importance of Feedback
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THE IMPORTANCE OF FEEDBACK
DECEIVER
AMBIGUITY
MESSAGE
RECIPIENT INTELLIGENCE
Think
Benefit to Deceiver
RECIPIENT DECISION
Decide
RECIPIENT ACTION
Do
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THE IMPORTANCE OF FEEDBACK
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10 PRINCIPLES OF DECEPTION
The Monkeys Paw
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10 PRINCIPLES OF DECEPTION
Care in placement of material
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The Man Who Never Was
10 PRINCIPLES OF DECEPTION
Care in placement of material
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DECEPTION PLANNING

• Start with Commanders Objectives
• Develop deception COAs
• Start with those COAs your commander did not pick
  from COA development
• Identify Themes/Target Audiences
• OPSEC - The Foundation (ensure throughout)
• Deception MOEs (Taking the bait?)

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COMPONENTS OF DECEPTION

• Objectives
• Target
• Story
• Plan
• Events

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THE OBJECTIVE
What do you want to happen?
Iraqi sand table oriented towards the sea Gulf
War One
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THE TARGET
Extremely important The target is the decision
maker
Personally or doctrinally
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THE STORY

• For the deception target to adopt the desired
  perception, it
• must be
• Believable
• Verifiable
• Consistent
• Simple

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MEANS TO SUPPORT THE DECEPTION STORY

• Three categories
• Physical
• Technical
• Administrative

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PLAN

• Feint
• Demonstration
• Ruses
• Display

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PLAN DECEPTION MEANS

• Dummies and Decoys
• Camouflage
• Smoke
• Olfactory
• Sonic
• Electronic

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EVENTS
Deception Convince Influence Mislead
Counter Deception Diminish Expose Negate Neutrali
ze
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THREE CATEGORIESOF DECEPTION

• Strategic
• Operational
• Tactical

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LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS

• ILLEGITIMATE RUSES
• - Feigning surrender
• Improper use of flag of truce
• Improper Use of the emblem of the Red Cross

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LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS
Suprises
Decoys
Ambushes
Feigning Attacks
Spies Secret Agents
Dummies
Moving Landmarks
Simulating Inactivity
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CONCLUSION

• Deception can be a potent force multiplier
• Tactical deception used daily in force protection
• Operational deception must be synchronized
• Deception is the domain of Commanders
• Dont feel bad if you get left out
• Unwitting personnel are best used to accomplish
  goals
• Need to establish a dedicated pool of trained
  experts
• Community recognizes this need
• Get the security right to avoid negative effects

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QUESTIONS?