Unit 6 Part I

1
Unit 6 Part I

• Absolutism and Scientific Revolution
• Chapters 5 and 6

2
Absolute Rule

• Absolutism Period when a series of European
  monarchs who ruled alone and increased the power
  of their central government

3

• Absolute Rulers
• Centralization of power
• Many believed in concept of divine right!

4
Englands Absolute Monarchy

• Fight for the throneWars of the Roses
• Lancaster (Red) vs. York (White)
• Henry Tudor (Red) wins Henry VII

5
(No Transcript)
6
Under Elizabeth

• England was invaded by Philip II b/c he had grown
  impatient waiting for England to become Catholic
  again.

7

• 1588 Sp. Armada-Prot. Wind
• Died with no heirs
• Cousins in Scotland - Stuart

8
James I 1603-1625

• Tensions with Parliament Divine Right
• Remembered for giving the Puritans an English
  translation of the Bible (King James Version)

9
(No Transcript)
10
Magna Carta

• King John was forced to sign this document in
  1215!
• Limited the kings power protected the barons
  rights

11
Charles I 1625-1649

• Son of James I
• Divine Right
• Dissolved Parliament for 11 years

12

• Irritated the Puritans Many leftGreat Migration
• Ireland Revolted, Scotland invaded-Charles needed
  Parliament

13
Charles I cont

• English Civil WarCharles led an army (Cavaliers)
  and invaded Parliament
• Cromwell (Puritan) leader of the Roundheads
  (supporters of Parliament) defeated the
  royalists/Cavaliers twice

14

• Royalists vs Puritans
• Charles I vs Oliver Cromwell
• Charles I tried for treason and beheaded!!

15
Oliver Cromwell-1653-1658

• Tried to establish a Republic with a constitution
  (people would elect leader)
• Eventually dissolves Parliamentruled as military
  dictator

16
Charles II 1660-1685

• Restoration!!! Restored the Monarchy
• Gave in to Parliament b/c of his Dad
• Got New York from the Dutch

17
James II 1685-1688

• Catholicremarries has a Catholic son
• His daughterMary is Protestant

18

• Wanted Absolute Authority
• Eventually fled the country after invasion by
  William of Orange (son-in-law)

19
William and Mary1688-1694 (Mary) 1702 (William)

• James II was not liked, but they could not
  execute himthey knew when he died Mary
  (daughter/Protestant) would inherit the thrown.
  His son would rule first (Catholic) Parliament
  decided to invite Mary and William (husband) to
  invade country 1688

20

• Glorious Revolution 1688no bloodshedJames II
  fled

21
William and Mary cont

• First dual monarchy
• They work well with Parliament and accept limited
  power (Limited Constitutional Monarchy-monarchs
  power limited by a constitution)
• Parliament will pass many lawsprotecting the
  rights of individuals

22
English Parliament

• Habeas Corpusindividual has the right to be seen
  by a judge w/in a reasonable amount of time
  either to be released or charged w/a crime

23

• English Bill of Rights-monarch could not
  interfere in the elections or operations of
  Parliament and some basic rights to citizens

24
English Parliament cont

• Act of Toleration-Religious freedom to dissenters
  (not Anglican)

25

• 1707 Act of UnionEngland and Scotland join
  together

26

• Act of Settlementnext ruler will have to be
  Protestant

27
Anne (sister of Mary) 1701-1714

• Estab. A cabinet (group of advisors)
• Leader of the CabinetPrime Minister

28
Anne cond

• Act of Union (1707)

• Joined Scotland and England into the United
  Kingdom
• Last of the Stuart dynasty

29
(No Transcript)
30
Away from England

• Colonies
• French and Indian War
• American Revolution

31
French Indian War
32
Treaty of Paris Proclamation of
1763

• Treaty of Paris

33
The American Revolution
34
(No Transcript)
35
France

• Mid-1500sFrance destroyed by religious conflicts
  btwn Huguenots and Catholics

36

• 1589Henry of Navarre became Henry IV (Bourbon) a
  Protestant wins the throne helps to resolve chaos
  in France

37

• Converts to Catholicism
• Edict of Nantes Allowed the Huguenots to
  practice their own religionReligious Toleration

38
France cont

• 1610Louis XIII
• 9 years old
• Appointed Cardinal Richelieu as chief minister

39

• Strengthened the govt
• Destroyed power of the nobles Huguenots
• Hand picked his own successor Mazarin

40

• (wanted to turn France into an absolute monarchy
  and make it the strongest European power)

41
France cont

• 1643Louis XIV72 years of rule
• 5 years old with Mazarin as chief minister until
  1661 (23 yrs old then)

42

• Rebellion broke out when he was a child and vowed
  to never let it happen again

43

• Believed in divine right
• Never used the Estates-General (similar to
  Parliament)
• Took the sun as his symbolsuncenter
• SUN KINGcenter of French nation

44
France cont

• Louis XIV
• Strengthened the govt
• Tax collectionsintendants (middle class)
• Armystrongest in Europe
• Diversified economy Home-taxes-wealthiest state
  in Europe
• Colonies-Furs

45
France cont

• Louis XIV
• Extravagant Lifestyle
• Palace of Versailles (p. 141)
• Sponsored the Arts

46
Palace of Versailles
47
France cont

• Louis XIVSetbacks
• Costly warsEsp. the War of the Spanish
  Succession 1700-1713 (France tried to unite
  France and Spain)

48

• Persecution of the Huguenots-revoked the Edict of
  NantesHuguenots fled and hurt the economy

49

• Louis XIV outlived his sons and grandsons died in
  1715his great grandson inherited the throne as
  Louis XV

50
Austria

• Powerful German state and part of the Holy Roman
  Empire
• Charles VI was king of Austria and leader of the
  Hapsburg Family and the H.R.E.

51
Charles VI

• Had no sons wrote the Pragmatic Sanction to
  allow daughter, Maria Theresa, to inherit the
  throne

52

• Sanction signed by other European nations and
  Pope honored it as well, but must marry and
  husband will be H.R.E.

53
30 Years War--Cause

• Began over territory, religion power over the
  ruling families
• 1618-1648

54
Hapsburg Triumphs cond

• Ferdinand was Catholic so Protestants feared him
  revolted

• Ferdinand II paid his army to plunder/rob German
  villages
• Destroyed everything!

55
30 Years War

• Hapsburg Triumphs

• 1st 12 years H. armies from Austria Spain
  crushed Protestant troops

56
30 Years War

• Hapsburg Defeats

• Sweden drove Haps. Out of Northern Germany

57
Hapsburg Defeats cond

• Cardinal Richelieu Mazarin feared Haps more so
  sent French troops to help!

58
30 Years War

• Peace of Westphalia

• 1648
• Weakened Hapsburg states of Spain Austria
• Strengthened France by giving it German territory

59
Peace of Westphalia cond

• Made German princes independent of Holy Roman
  Emperor
• Ended religious wars in Europe

60
(No Transcript)
61
Maria Theresa

• Charles VI daughter
• Heir to Hapsburg empire
• Enemy was Prussia

62
Prussia

• Now part of the country of Germany
• Frederick Williamthe Great Electorwas founder
  of the Hohenzollern Family

63

• Hohenzollerns ruling family in Prussia
• H had the best standing army
• H militaristic society

64

• Frederick William I was the first king of Prussia
• Started the military and Potsdam Guard, personal
  body guards, had to be 7 feet tall

65

• Sons friend is beheaded because Frederick II and
  friend tried to run away
• Frederick II had to watch

66
Prussia cont

• Frederick IIknown as the GREAT because he
  introduced culture to the country and expanded
  the borders of the country by using the army
  against Austria and Poland

67

• He enabled Prussia to become a major European
  powerseized Austrian territory

68
Russia

• Ivan the Terrible was an awful ruler and caused
  Russia to develop slower than the rest of Europe

69

• After Ivans death and the death of his son, the
  leaders of the country elected Michael Romanov to
  take over

70
Russia cont

• Romanov Dynastyfounded by Michael, and this
  dynasty will last until 1918 when Nicholas II and
  his family was assassinated (Anastasia). Longest
  running dynasty in European historyover 300 years

71
Nicholas II
72
Russia cont

• Peter the Greatstudied in Europe in order to
  westernize Europe, created city of St. Petersburg
  Window to the West

73

• changed diet, hygiene habits, and dress of
  Russians, expanded borders by acquiring Siberia,
  created modern army and won against Sweden to
  gain access to the Baltic Seanever won a warm
  water port!!

74

• Catherine
• The Great

75
Russia cont

• Catherine the GreatGerman princess
• Married Russian Czarhad her husband killed and
  took over
• Took territory away from Poland
• Punished serfs
• Created schools for girls

76

• Greatest accomplishmentgaining a warm water port
  by defeating the Ottoman Turksaccess to Black
  Sea for trade w/Europe
• Last of great absolute monarchs of the century

77
Scientific Revolution
78
Scientific Revolution

• Changed the way ppl viewed the world their
  place in it!
• Emphasis on observation measurement

79
Remember the Medieval View?

• Aristotle
• Ptolemy

• Geocentric Theory earth center of universe
• Supported this view

80
Scientific Revolution

• Scientific Revolution

• Ppl were willing to question accepted beliefs

81
Nicolaus Copernicus

• Heliocentric Theory sun-center of universe

82
Tycho Brahe

• Recorded measurements of planets for years
• Supported heliocentric theory

83
Johannes Kepler

• Continued Brahes work discovered planetary
  movement
• Proved this through math!

84
Kepler cond

• Copernicus was right!
• Planets did revolve around the sun

85
Galileo Galilei

• Discovered law of the pendulum
• Built his own telescope used it to support the
  heliocentric theory

86
Galileo cond

• Went aga church teaching authority, warned not
  to but did it anyway!
• Condemned!

87
Scientific Method

• Logical procedure for gathering testing ideas
• Developed from previous guys work!

88
Scientific Method cond

• Modern version based on Bacon Descartes ideas

89
Isaac Newton

• Law of universal gravitation
• Earth heavens

90
William Harvey

• Discovered circulation of the blood!

91
Scientific Instruments

• Janssen

• Microscope

92
Torricelli

• Mercury barometer (atmospheric pressure
  predicting weather)

93
(No Transcript)
94
Fahrenheit

• 1st thermometer to use mercury in glass

95
Celsius

• Another scale for mercury thermometer

96
Edward Jenner

• Worlds 1st vaccination
• Small pox vaccine!