The Urinary System

1
Chapter 12

• The Urinary System

2
Prefixes

• an- without, lack of
• di(a)- through
• dys- difficult, painful
• en- within
• hydro- water
• in- in, into, not
• olig- little, scanty
• poly- many, much, excessive

3
Roots Combining Forms

• albumin- protein
• bacteri- bacteria
• calci- calcium
• cyst-, vesic-, cysti-, cysto- bladder, sac
• glomerul-, glomerulo- glomerulus, little ball
• glycos- sweet, sugar
• hemat- blood
• keton- ketone
• litho- stone

4
Roots Combining Forms (cont)

• nephr-, nephro-, ren- kidney
• noct- night
• penile- penis
• py- pus
• pyelo- renal pelvis
• sten- narrowing
• ureter-, uretero- ureter
• urethr-, urethro- urethra
• urin-, urinat-, urino-, uro- urine

5
Suffixes

• -al, -ar pertaining to
• -cele hernia, tumor, swelling
• -ectasy dilation
• -ectomy excision
• -malacia softening
• -megaly enlargement, large
• -meter measuring instrument, measure
• -oma tumor

6
Suffixes (cont)

• -phraxis to obstruct
• -plasty surgical repair
• -ptosis drooping
• -rrhapy suture
• -staxis control, stopping
• -stomy new opening
• -tony tension

7
Chapter 13

• The Endocrine System

8
Prefixes

• endo- within
• eu- good, normal
• ex-, exo- out, away from
• hyper- above, beyond, excessive
• hypo- below, under, deficient
• pan- all
• pro- before

9
Roots Combining Forms

• acro- extremity, point
• aden-, adeno- gland
• creat- flesh
• crin-, crine-, crino- to secrete
• dwarf- small
• ger- old age
• gigant- giant
• insul-, insulin-, insulino- insulin
• letharg- drowsiness

10
Roots Combining Forms (cont)

• myx- mucus
• pine- pine cone
• pituitar- phlegm
• ren- kidney
• scler- hardening
• thym-, thymo- thymus
• thyr-, thyro- thyroid, shield
• trop- turn
• viril- masculine

11
Suffixes

• -betes to go
• -edema swelling
• -emia blood condition
• -genic formation, produce
• -ia, -ism, -osis condition
• -malacia softening
• -megaly enlargement, large
• -oid resemble

12
Suffixes (cont)

• -oma tumor
• -pathy disease
• -pexy fixation
• -physis growth
• -ptosis drooping
• -rrhea flow, discharge
• -therapy treatment

13
Chapter 14

• The Nervous System

14
Prefixes

• astro- star-shaped
• brady- slow
• hemi- half
• hydro- water
• infra- below
• intra- within
• micro- small
• oligo- little, scanty

15
Roots Combining Forms

• atel-, atelo- imperfect
• cephal-, cephalo- head
• cerebell-, cerebello- little brain
• cerebro- crebrum
• crani-, cranio- skull
• electro- electricity
• encephal-, encephalo- brain
• foramino- foramen
• hypn- sleep
• lobo- lobe

16
Roots Combining Forms (cont)

• logo- word
• mening-, meningi-, meningo- membrane
• myel-, myelo- spinal cord
• neur-, neuri-, neuro- nerve
• pheo- dusky
• polio- gray
• rachio- spine
• radico- root
• spin- spine, a thorn

17
Suffixes

• -asthenia weakness
• -cele hernia, tumor, swelling
• -esthesia feeling
• -graphy recording
• -kinesia, -kinesis motion
• -mania madness
• -paresis weakness
• -pathy disease
• -phobia fear
• -plegia paralysis, stroke
• -taxia order
• -tome cutting instrument
• -tripsy crushing