Digestion

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Chapter 10 Digestion
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Chapter 10.1 Notes

• The digestive system is a group of organs that
  take in food and change it into a form the body
  can use.

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• Digestion is the changing of food into a usable
  form.
• Physical change occurs when large food is broken
  down into little pieces. Chewing, grinding.
• Chemical change turns food into a form that cells
  can use called molecules.
• Enzymes are chemicals that speed up the rate of
  chemical changes.
• Starch changes to glucose by a chemical change.

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Chapter 10.2 Notes

• Water, vitamins, and mineral can move directly
  from your digestive system into your body cells
  without being changed.
• Fats, proteins, and carbohydrates must be acted
  upon by enzymes to be digested.
• Saliva is a liquid that is formed in the mouth
  and that contain enzymes that breakdown
  carbohydrate.
• Salivary Glands are 3 pairs of small glands
  located under the tongue and behind the jaw.

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• Mouth 1 minute physical change to food and enzyme
  that breaks down carbohydrates.
• Esophagus 1 minute
• Stomach 4 hours makes enzymes and HCl
  Hydrochloric acid break down protein.
• Small intestine 12 hours where most of digestion
  takes place.
• Villi fingerlike parts on the lining of the sm.
  Intestine.

• Pancreas makes 3 different enzymes to breakdown
  fat, protein, and carbohydrates.
• Liver the largest organ in the body makes bile.
  Bile is a green liquid that breaks down fat
  (Physical Change).
• Gallbladder is a small baglike organ that stores
  bile located under the liver.

Food does NOT pass through these organs
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• Large Intestine 5 hours main job is to remove
  water from digested food.
• Anus where solid waste leaves the body.
• Appendix is a small fingerlike part found where
  the small and large intestine meet. Does not
  effect digestion.

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• Digestive system is about 5 times as long as your
  body (900 cm)
• Diffusion is how food gets into the blood.
• Animals that eat plants have longer digestive
  systems than meat eaters.
• Simple animals only have 1 opening in the
  digestive system (hydra, jellyfish, planarian)
• Tapeworms have no digestive system.

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• Ulcer stomach lining being digested
• Mucus is a thick, sticky material that protects
  the stomach and intestinal lining from enzymes
  and HCl.
• Heartburn caused by stomach acids moving into the
  esophagus.

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• The stomach. January 26, 2007.
  http//wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/j
  ohnson/visualvocab/stomach5B15D.jpg
• The Digestive System. January 26, 2007.
  http//www.teachnet.ie/farmnet/images/Digest3.gif
• Heartburn. January 29, 2007. http//www.webmd.co
  m/NR/rdonlyres/16E42462-463A-44A2-B2D1-7D5AC35CF6E
  0.jpg