Digestion

1
DigestionFrom Food to Feces

• How would you digest that?
• Mmmmm.

2
Monogastric

• Included in humans and pigs
• Characterized by one stomach with one compartment
• Due to this one stomach, feedstuffs must be in
  the form of grains as they are easier to digest

3
How do you get swine flu? ?
4
Monogastric

• Comprised of
• Mouth
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small Intestine
• Cecum
• Large Intestine
• Rectum

It all starts with the mouth open up!
5
Monogastric
My teeth are amazingly strong. Did you know
chewing is also called MASTICATION?

• Mouth
• Where food enters the digestive tract
• Teeth chew to break down food
• Enzymatic breakdown of starch begins
• Saliva is an enzyme which breaks down starch
• The tongue helps move food around and push it to
  the next part of the digestive system

6
Monogastric Mouth
7
Are you our Mommy?
8
Monogastric
I really have to go the bathroom!

• Esophagus
• Tube which carries food from the mouth to the
  stomach
• Pushes with a series of muscle contractions
  called PERISTALSIS.

9
Monogastric

• Stomach
• Chamber where chemicals are added to the food
• Cells secrete hydrochloric acid and enzymes
• These help break down food into basic
  carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
• Some smaller particles are absorbed into the
  blood stream through the stomach wall

10
Monogastric Stomach
11
Monogastric

• Small Intestine
• Complex tube which lies in a spiral
• Absorbs nutrients!
• Cells produce enzymes to help break down food
  further

12
Monogastric
I have a really big cecum!

• Cecum
• Known as the blind gut
• Located between the small and large intestines
• Has little function in the monogastric digestive
  system

13
Monogastric

• Large Intestine
• Shorter than the small intestine, but larger in
  diameter
• Main function is the absorption of water
• Mucous is added to the matter to make it easier
  to pass through the rest of the system

14
Monogastric

• Rectum
• The terminal portion of the large intestine
• Leads to the anus where the remaining wastes are
  passed outside of the body

15
Monogastric Cecum and Large Intestine
16
How well do you remember?
17
Ruminant (Polygastric)

• Found in goats, sheep, cattle, deer, camels,
  giraffes, llamas and more
• Characterized by one stomach with four
  compartments
• Used for the digestion of mass quantities of
  roughages
• Hay and grasses

18
If you are wonderingI am a YAK!I am proud to
say I chew my CUD and I am a ruminant!
19
Wake upwere not done!?
20
Ruminant

• Comprised of
• Mouth
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Rumen
• Reticulum
• Abomasum
• Omasum
• Small Intestine
• Cecum
• Large Intestine
• Rectum

21
Ruminant
Whats upIm chewing my CudSometimes I chew
over 100 times before swallowing!

• Mouth
• Functions the same as in monogastrics except
• Ruminants regurgitate their food and re-chew it
• A cow makes between 40,000-60,000 jaw movements a
  day chewing

22
Ruminant

• Esophagus
• Same as in a monogastric except
• Cardiac valve allows animal to regurgitate feed
  stuffs to be chewed repeatedly

23
Ruminant

• What is so grand about regurgitating food?
• Would you like to eat this?
• If you did eat this, how efficiently would your
  body break it down?
• Your monogastric system was not made to breakdown
  feed such as this!!!

24
Ruminant

• Stomach Compartment
• Rumen
• Acts as a large fermentation vat
• Movement of the rumen mixes the contents of the
  stomach
• Stirs it up to more easily find large particles
  that need to be regurgitated and re-chewed
• Can be as big as a 50 gallon drum in a large
  cow!!!

25
Ruminant

• Stomach Compartment
• Reticulum
• May be considered an extra piece of the rumen
• Has a large honey comb shape
• Site of hardware collection
• Hardware disease
• Animal will inject metal in the feed. It will
  collect here
• Magnets can help keep it from going further

26
Ruminant

• Stomach Compartment
• Omasum
• Primarily aids in the absorption of water
• Numerous folds help trap digestive particles to
  increase the time they stay in the omasum for
  absorption

27
Ruminant

• Stomach Compartment
• Abomasum
• Considered the true stomach
• Has the same functions of the monogastric stomach
• Hydrochloric acid helps with the break down of
  feedstuffs

28
Ruminant Stomach
29
Ruminant

• The small intestine, cecum, and large intestine
  have the same functions as the monogastric
  digestive system

30
Modified Monogastric

• Comprised of
• Everything in the monogastric except
• The cecum is much larger and plays an important
  role in the digestive process as it is modified
• Makes up 16 of horses total digestive anatomy

31
Modified Monogastric

• Cecum
• Acts as a large fermentation vat where large
  amounts of roughages can be broken down more
  easily
• Found in horses and rabbits.

I have a really large cecum so that I can digest
all my food properly!