Intro to Cardiology and Circulatory System

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Intro to Cardiology and Circulatory System
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• Histology
• Cardiac muscle
• Skeletal muscle
• Smooth muscle

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• Pericardium
• Two layers of serous membranes
• Inner visceral epicardium
• Bound to heart muscle
• Outer parietal
• Reinforced with collagen fibers fibrous
  pericardium
• pericardial sac

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Heart Location
Anterior surface of heart

• Heart is located in the mediastinum
• area from the sternum to the vertebral column and
  between the lungs

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Layers of Heart Wall

• Epicardium
• visceral layer of serous pericardium
• Myocardium
• cardiac muscle layer is the bulk of the heart
• Endocardium
• chamber lining valves

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• Interventricular sulcus
• Coronary sulcus
• Coronary arteries
• Pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries
• Inferior and superior vena cava
• Aorta ascending, arch, thoracic/descending
• L R auricula
• R and L atria
• R and L ventricles
• Ligmentum arteriosum
• Brachiocephalic veins
• Brachiocephalic artery (trunk)
• L common carotid
• L subclavian artery
• Pulmonary veins

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• External Features
• Auricle of right atrium
• Left ventricle
• Posterior interventricular sulcus
• Left atrium
• Inferior and superior vena cava
• Coronory sinus
• Right and Left pulmonary arteries
• Aorta
• Right atrium

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• Fossa ovalis
• Opening to coronary sinus
• Pectinate muscles

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• Circulation cranial to diaphragm
• Major branches from aorta
• Cat 2
• brachiocephalic ? 3 way split
• Right subclavian
• Human 3
• brachiocephalic? l common carotid subclavian
• R common carotid
• R subclavian

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• Veins
• Internal jugular often small/nonexistant (in cat)
• Ext jugular large (in cat)
• Reverse for above in humans but can find both!
• Transverse scapular drains from cephalic off
  ext. jugular, runs dorsally so will need to cut
  muscle
• Costovertebral ? costocervical look just caudad
  to each brachiocephalic trunk also collects
  blood from vertebrals
• Azygos lift heart, usually best obs on right
• Sternal often severed runs to anterior thorax
  with
• Radial (small in cat) and ulnar may run out of
  latex trace from antecubital