Technology of Engineering Food

1
Technology of Engineering Food
2
The common between...
flounder
tomato
Tomato has an engineered gene from the flounder ?
Antifreezing gene
3
Survey

• What is biotechnology?

- What is DNA?
- What kind of mechanisms do exist?
- What is the best method?
4
Biotechnology

• - What is Biotechnology?
• What is DNA?
• What kind of mechanisms do exist?
• What is the best method?

5
DNA

• What is Biotechnology?
• What is DNA?
• What kind of mechanisms do exist?
• What is the best method?

• Shortening of
• deoxiribonucleic acid
• -Segments of DNA are called
• genes
• -Four bases
• (Guanin, Cytosin, Adenin, Thymin)
• -Bases are connect with sugar and
• phosphat
• ?Double-helix-structure
• (like a spiral staircase)

6
Mechanisms

• What is Biotechnology?
• - What is DNA?
• - What kind of mechanisms do
• exist?
• What is the best method?

Biologically Mechanically
Vector Bacterium
Injection
Biolistic
Vector Virus
Protoplast Transformation
7
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens
8
(No Transcript)
9
Virus
10
Protoplast Transformation
- Taking a cell from an organism

• Dissolving of the cellwall by enzymes
• ? Protoplast is left over

- Adding the new DNA

• Cellwall has to recover in a growth media

11
Injection
Injecting new DNA with a needle into the nucleus
of a cell.
12
Biolistic

1. Small beads coated with DNA are
   load in a gene gun.
2. Shooting the ball into the cell nucleus
3. It cuts the DNA section of the cell and glues
   the desired DNA into it.

13
Marker Genes

• To find out if the transformation has been
  succesfull
• scientists intodruce a marker gene to the host.
• Cells which have been transformed will grow in a
  media
• while the other cells will die.

14
Best Method

• What is Biotechnology?
• - What is DNA?
• What kind of mechanisms do exist?
• What is the best method?

Method Pros Cons
Vector Bacteria, Virus Natural process Parts from the bacteria or virus DNA are insert too
Protoplast transformation Only the desiered DNA is transferred Cellwalls have been damaged
Injection Only the desiered DNA is transferred Maybe damaging the cellwall with the needle High rate of failure
Biolistic Nothing special Foreign things like titanium or gold are also insert
15
Isnt it fantastic what the scientists can do
with their technology?
16
But what will the future bring?
Do scientists know their limits?