Alveolate Protists

1
Alveolate Protists

• Domain Eukarya
• Kingdom Protista
• Phylum Ciliophora

2
Looking Back at Bio 115

• The Organism as a Unit of Life

Cellular Structure (cell unit of life)one or
many! Metabolism Homeostasis (PSN, Resp, N2fix,
ferment, etc.) Growth irreversible change in
size Reproductionfailure extinction Acclimatiza
tion-short term responses behavior Adaptation-lo
ng term responses evolution
3
Shifting Kingdoms
Lumpers
Splitters
Animalia
Protista
2 3 5 6 8
Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria
Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Archaebacteria
Archezoans Archezoans Archezoans Archezoans Archezoans
Euglenoids Euglenoids Euglenoids Euglenoids Euglenoids
Chrysophytes Chrysophytes Chrysophytes Chrysophytes Chrysophytes
Green Algae Green Algae Green Algae Green Algae Green Algae
Brown Algae Brown Algae Brown Algae Brown Algae Brown Algae
Red algae Red algae Red algae Red algae Red algae
Slime Molds Slime Molds Slime Molds Slime Molds Slime Molds
True Fungi True Fungi True Fungi True Fungi True Fungi
Bryophytes Bryophytes Bryophytes Bryophytes Bryophytes
Tracheophytes Tracheophytes Tracheophytes Tracheophytes Tracheophytes
Protozoans Protozoans Protozoans Protozoans Protozoans
Myxozoans Myxozoans Myxozoans Myxozoans Myxozoans
Multicellular Animals Multicellular Animals Multicellular Animals Multicellular Animals Multicellular Animals
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How Many Kingdoms?
Extant
Multicellular Animals
Slime Molds
Archezoans
Archaebacteria
Myxozoans
Bryophytes
True Fungi
Red algae
Brown Algae
Green Algae
Chrysophytes
Tracheophytes
Euglenoids
Bacteria
Protozoans
Extinct
Long Time with Prokaryotes only
Original Cell
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Ciliophora

• Ciliated protists (9000 species!)
• Odd features
• Cilia in various locations for locomotion and/or
  feeding
• Cells include membranous sacs (alveoli) for
  feeding/excretion
• Contractile fibers, some striated for shape
  change
• Stiffened plates just beneath the cell membrane
• Some discharge toxic extrusomes (trichocysts) for
  defense/hunting
• Polyploid macronucleus for normal cell functions
  (up to 860-ploid!)
• Diploid micronuclei for sexual reproduction and
  producing macronucleus
• Conjugation is one method of sexual reproduction

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http//micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/hoff
mangallery/images/stentor.jpg
Stentor polymorphus
Funnel-shaped protist Cytostome rim is
ciliated Food swept into alveolus
http//comuredsl.com/fotos/stentor.jpg
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Vorticella
Sessile freshwater ciliate
Myoneme allows contraction of funnel and main
body toward holdfast
Cytostome
Long, U-shaped Macronucleus is polyploid Micronucl
eus diploid
http//www.pref.aichi.jp/gesuido/img/quiz/vorticel
la.jpg
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Paramecium caudatum
A ciliated protozoan
Trichocysts
Oral groove not shown (on back side)
Species famous for its conjugation method of
recombination
http//users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyP
ages/P/Paramecium.gif
http//pantransit.reptiles.org/images/1998-05-23/P
aramecium.jpg
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Paramecium is also famous for showing its food as
it eats!
http//protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/PDB/Images/Ciliophora
/Paramecium/caudatum/cp01.jpg
http//www.jochemnet.de/fiu/bot4404/BOT4404_1.html
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Dinoflagellates

• Domain Eukarya
• Kingdom Protista
• Phylum Pyrrophyta

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Alexandrium
A marine filamentous dinoflagellate causing red
tides and saxitomin kills fish kills in coastal
pacific
Glenodinium
http//www.jochemnet.de/fiu/bot4404/BOT4404_1.html
http//www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/orhab/images/educationIm
ages/Alexandrium_full.jpg
http//cyclot.hp.infoseek.co.jp/benmou/gleno1.jpg
http//ehp.niehs.nih.gov/docs/2002/110-11/pfiester
ia.jpg
Peridinium shows the cellulosic plates secreted
by the alveoli.
Marine endosymbionts found in coral polyps are
primary producers in coral reef ecosystems.
http//home.hib.no/ansatte/asa/planktonweb/ffperem
.jpg
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Apicomplexa-spore forming protists

• Domain Eukarya
• Kingdom Protista
• Phylum Apicomplexa

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Blood-borne parasite The cause of malaria
Plasmodium falciparum
syngamy
meiosis
http//www.sirinet.net/jgjohnso/plasmodium.jpg