Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers PBDEs

1
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the
San Francisco Estuary
Susan Klosterhaus, Daniel Oros, John Oram, Don
Yee, and Cristina Grosso San Francisco Estuary
Institute, Oakland, California. Francois
Rodigari East Bay Municipal Utility District,
Oakland, California. David Crane California
Dept. of Fish and Game, Rancho Cordova,
California. Richard Grace AXYS Analytical
Services Ltd., Sidney, British Columbia.
SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee,
Wisconsin
www.sfei.org
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Talk Outline
I. Introduction to the Estuary and our
dataset II. PBDEs in biota are high III. PBDEs
in sediment seem low IV. Whats going on?
3
San Francisco Estuary

• Largest estuary on west coast
• Urban, industrial, agricultural
• 90 of freshwater from Delta
• Shallow, highly mixed
• Net erosional except for Lower South Bay

4
Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in
the San Francisco Estuary (RMP)
Collaboration SFEI, State, Discharging
Community Objective Support management decisions
I. Status Trends Monitoring (1993 - ) --
Sediment, water (annually) -- Bivalves (every
2 years) -- Sport fish (every 3 years) --
Cormorant eggs (every 2 years) II. Pilot and
Special Studies -- Provides framework for
adaptive management -- e.g. emerging
contaminants
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Comprehensive PBDE Dataset
Accumulation

• Water, sediment, bivalves (SFEI monitoring)
• Sport fish (Holden et al. 2003 Greenfield et
  al. 2003 Brown et al. 2006 Davis et al. 2006)
• Harbor seals (She et al. 2002 SFEI unpublished)
  
• Bird eggs (She et al. 2004 Davis et al. 2006
  Hooper, unpublished)
• People (She et al. 2002 Petreas et al. 2003
  Fischer et al. 2006 Bradman et al. 2007)

• Sources
• Wastewater effluent (North 2004 SFEI
  unpublished)
• Loadings from the Delta and local watersheds
  (SFEI in prep)
• Atmospheric deposition (CA Air Resources Board)

Mass Budget and Modeling
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Bivalves
BG20

• Annually since 1993
• Deployed Mussels (90-100 days)
• Resident clams
• PBDEs since 2002

BD40
BG30
BD20
Deployed Mussels
BD30
Resident Clams
BC61
BC10
BB71
BA40
BA10
BA30
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Resident clam concentrations have decreased
Corbicula fluminea
8
Deployed mussel concentrations may be decreasing
Mytilus californianus
9
Deployed mussels comparable to resident mussels
in other urban estuaries
Puget Sound
San Francisco Bay
Long Island Sound
Tampa Bay
Delaware Bay
0
5
10
15
20
25
Total PBDE (ng/g dry weight)
Data 2006 NOAA Mussel Watch Program
10
Sport Fish

• Every 3 yrs since 1994
• Popular fishing areas
• 7 species
• Organics, Hg, Se
• PBDEs since 2000

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Trends in sport fish?
2006 NA
12
Congener patterns in sport fish
100
80
60
of Total PBDE
40
20
0
Penta-BDE
Striped Bass
White Croaker
White Sturgeon
Shiner Surfperch
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Sport fish among the highest
SF white sturgeon
SF striped bass
SF shiner surfperch
San Francisco Bay
SF white croaker
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Total PBDE (ng/g lipid)
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Cormorant eggs
Wheeler Island
Richmond Bridge

• 3 nesting sites
• Biennial since 2002
• Organics, Hg, Se

Don Edwards NWR
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Cormorant concentrations may be decreasing
24,000
24000
22000
20,000
20000
18000
16,000
16000
PBDEs in eggs (ng/g lipid)
14000
12,000
PBDEs (ng/g lipid)
12000
10000
8,000
8000
6000
4,000
4000
2000
2002
2003
2004
2005
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
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Congener patterns in cormorant eggs
17,28/33,66,85,138
154
153
of Total PBDE
100
99
47
Penta- BDE
Wheeler Is.
Wheeler Is.
D. Edwards
D. Edwards
D. Edwards
D. Edwards
Richmond Br.
Richmond Br.
Richmond Br.
Richmond Br.
2002
2004
17
Bird eggs among the highest
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BDE 47 in Sediment (2004 - 2006)

• Range 0.2 4 ng/g
• Segment averages
• lt 0.4 0.8 ng/g
• No trend over 3 years

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BDE 47 within range of other locations
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BDE 209 in Sediment (2004, 2006)

• Range lt 1 19 ng/g
• Segment averages
• 0.6 9 ng/g
• 2006 2X higher than 2004

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BDE 209 lower than other locations?
22
Pattern in sediments varies spatially
28,33
100
47
80
99
100
60
of Total PBDE
154
40
206
207
20
208
209
0
South Bay
Central Bay
Suisun Bay
San Pablo Bay
Lower South Bay
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Summary
1. PBDEs in biota are high, may be decreasing
2. PBDEs in sediments are comparable?
3. BDE 209 may be increasing in sediments
4. Watershed characteristics drive spatial
variation in congener patterns
5. Effect of California flammability standard is
unclear
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Acknowledgements
RMP committees, participants San Francisco
Regional Water Quality Control Board SFEI Jay
Davis, Meg Sedlak, Ben Greenfield
Data and reports available at www.sfei.org/rmp