Aquaculture how do we do it right

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Aquaculture how do we do it right

• Goal of this Workshop
• Recommendations on how best the Global Forum can
  contribute to the identified priority goals and
  action plans
• Policy Brief- Serge Garcia- 10 min.
• Sustainable aquaculture pre-conference summary
  Newell 10 min
• 4 Points from Pre-conference
• Legal Policy- 5 min. Luu
• Research Sharing- 5min. Luu
• Certification- Flavio- 5min
• Better Practice- Flavio- 5min
• Discussion
• Comments from participants on 4 points of
  workshop
• Anything to add or remove ?
• What should be the action points? What are the
  priorities?
• How can the Global Forum contribute?

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Ecosystem approach to aquaculture

• An ecosystem approach to aquaculture (EAA)
  strives to balance diverse societal objectives,
  by taking account of the knowledge and
  uncertainties of biotic, abiotic and human
  components of ecosystems including their
  interactions, flows and processes and applying an
  integrated approach to aquaculture within
  ecologically and operationally meaningful
  boundaries. The purpose of EAA should be to plan,
  develop and manage the sector in a manner that
  addresses the multiple needs and desires of
  societies, without jeopardizing the options for
  future generations to benefit from the full range
  of goods and services provided by aquatic
  ecosystems (FAO 2007)

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Framework of sustainable development
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McKindsey et al 2006. Aquaculture 261451-462
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Adaptive Management for Ecosystem based growth of
Aquaculture
Monitoring
Geographical Information Systems Models
Operations
Revenues Social Impact
We ask that the Global Forum support development
of such systems at regional levels
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Adaptive Management Structure
Co-Management monitoring data
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Model Overview
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• Three dimensional system for marine applications
  
• Interfaces for models, spreadsheets, databases,
  and Internet
• PC Desktop Web-enabled GIS applications
• Compatible with ESRI (arc-info) GIS

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Aquaculture Advantages

• Most efficient from of protein production
• Easily monitored-
• Ownship of farms helps management
• Mature industry with promise of technological
  advances

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Challenges of Marine Food Security

• Declining fish stocks
• Aquaculture is the only remaining growth sector
  for sea food
• The challenge is to manage the continued growth
  of aquaculture in a responsible manner- can this
  be done?
• Yes,.

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Sustainable aquaculture

• Declining fisheries aquaculture can supply the
  fisheries products to satisfy increasing demand
• Aquaculture can provide alternative livelihoods
  to fisheries communities
• Aquaculture can contribute to poverty alleviation
  (small-scale farming source of employment)
• Rapid growth need to develop aquaculture in a
  sustainable way

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• How to implement ?
• Way forward ?
• Aquaculture Strengths
• Aquaculture Problems

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• Aquaculture development and change of tidal flat
  and mangroves in Quang Ninh in area

Decline mangrove area and tidal flat Increase
aquaculture ponds
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N and P
N2
Phytoplankton
Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen
Turbidity
Sediment
Metazoan Grazers and Microbial Loop
Water
Seagrass
Benthic Microalgae
Currents
Bivalves
Biodeposits
Aerobic Sediment
Nitrification
Immobilized PO4
NH4
NO2-
Organic Nitrogen
NO3-
N2
NO2-
NO3-
Anaerobic Sediment
Buried Nitrogen
Denitrification
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High
Denitrification
Sediment
Oxygen
Content
Moderate
Turbidity
Low
Ecosystem Impact
Inter and
Intraspecific
competition
for food
Low
Moderate
High
Relative Shellfish Abundance
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Scenario with low current velocity
High
Denitrification
Sediment
Oxygen
Content
Moderate
Turbidity
Low
Ecosystem Impact
Inter and
Intraspecific
competition
for food
Low
Very High
Moderate
High
Relative Shellfish Abundance
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Scenario with high current velocity
High
Denitrification
Sediment oxygen
Moderate
Turbidity
Low
Ecosystem Impact
Inter and
Intraspecific
competition
for food
Low
Very High
Moderate
High
Relative Shellfish Abundance
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Capture Fisheries in TGCH Lagoon
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III. INITIAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (cont)
3.4. Aquaculture production situation

• - 524.6 ha/2109 ponds high tide, low tide ponds
• 1340 households worked in earth pond

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IV. RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION
3.5. Environmental carrying capacity
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The Ecosystem Approach

• Principles of Ecosystem-based Management
• Maintain structure and functioning of ecosystems
• Human use and values are central to establishing
  management objectives
• Ecosystems are dynamic
• Stakeholder involvement in management
• Adaptive based in scientific knowledge and
  continual learning through monitoring

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• Current Status
• Co-Management

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1. Introduction (cont.)

• Fishing gears
• mainly, bottom trawl, gillnet, squid hand line,
  falling stick cat net
• Fishing effort 21,265 small boats (2001) and
  1,000 vessels in Central area
• 11,372 lt45HP fishing Units (ALMRV 2002)
• Catch of less than 30 m depth accounted for 90
  
• Trend in catch (mt) 82,838 (1986) 101,450
  (1996) 242.293 (2006)
• Trend in effort (CV) 73,137 (1986) 320.000
  (1996) 850,736 (2006)
• Trend in relative abundance, CPUE(mt/CV/year)
  1.13 (1986) 0.32 (1996) 0.28 (2006)

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Diversification of coastal aquaculture-approach
to reduce pressure on inshore fisheries

• Status of inshore fish resources
• Inshore fish resources has been declining for the
  last few decades due to
• Intensive exploitation using different catching
  facilities with motorized boats
• Increasing catching scope (more boats
  constructed, open new catching areas)

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Diversification of coastal aquaculture-approach
to reduce pressure on inshore fisheries

• Marine capture
• 2001 2002 2003
  02/01 03/02
• 1 481 175.3 1 575 640.4 1 647 482.0 106.4
  104.6
• Off-shore capture
• 584 253.6 729 225.9 845 214.6 124.8
  115.9
• Inshore capture
• 932 921.7 846 414.5 802 267.4
• Inshore/total
• 63.0   53.7 48.7

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Diversification of coastal aquaculture-approach
to reduce pressure on inshore fisheries
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Diversification of coastal aquaculture-approach
to reduce pressure on inshore fisheries

• 2. Government policy to support maintain
  inshore fishery resources
• To reduce pressure on inshore fishery, Government
  plans to reduce number of fishing boats up to
  50,000 for inshore fisheries by the end of 2010.

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Diversification of coastal aquaculture-approach
to reduce pressure on inshore fisheries

• 2. Government policy to support maintain
  inshore fishery resources
• As a result, some 35.000 boats are going to be
  diminished and approximately 40 of 862 887
  labors have to be engaged in new jobs

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Aquaculture certification

• Increasing concerns on sustainability
• Increasing demand willingness to pay for
  sustainable aquaculture products
• Corporate envl/social responsibility
• Increasing number of aquaculture certification
  schemes
• Confusion/concerns
• Guidelines in preparation

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Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

• Environmental certification for fisheries
  (co-founded by Unilever and WWF), taking market
  approach
• Growing number of fisheries have eco-label brand
  dozen more in assessment or pre-assessment
• Assesses fisheries on environmental and
  sustainability standards similar to FAO Code of
  Conduct e.g.
• Stock sustainability
• Management systems
• Ecosystem impacts
• Process 1) Pre-assessment and 2) Full Assessment

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Coastal Ecosystem and Market
Market
Aquaculture Farmers
Other Exploiters
Fishers

Ecosystem Other Resources Ecosystem
Services Food Resources
(externalities lacking market
value)
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Ecosystem Based vs Market Based Resource
Management
Ecosystem-based Management Goals
Sustainability, Diversity, Efficiency Problems
Complexity of Ecosystem Need for Monitoring
Scientific Understand Integration with Existing
Market Tools Ecological principles- trophic
structure Keystone species Life History
Understanding Field Observations Geographical
Information Systems
Market-based Management Goals
Profitability Problems Open Access
Resources Externalities Ownership- spatial
temporal scales