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Noiseinduced stress response and hearing loss in goldfish

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Title: Noiseinduced stress response and hearing loss in goldfish


1
Noise-induced stress response and hearing loss in
goldfish
  • Michael E. Smith, Andrew S. Kane and Arthur N.
    Popper
  • Presented by Sam Hickman

2
Background
  • Sound travels through freshwater 5x faster than
    in the air.
  • Many species of fish use sound for predator and
    prey detection.
  • Ocean noise has more than doubled since 1950s
    and is expected to double again by 2020.

3
Reasons for this experiment
  • Move from hunter/gather to aquaculturs
  • Aquacultures are noisy 130-160dB!
  • Stressed fish do not grow as efficiently
  • Really Comes down to Money
  • The fishing industry is worth 5 billion per year

4
Anatomy of Hearing in Goldfish
  • Otophysan fish (Possess Weberian ossicles)

Other fish with Weberian Ossicles -Most
relatives of Carp -Most minows
Juniata College, 2005
5
The experiment.
  • Two experiments were performed both exposed fish
    to 160-170dB of noise in hearing range.
  • Short term effects 10min, 1hour, 24 hours
  • Long term effects 3, 7, 14, 21 days.
  • Following exposure blood cortisol levels and
    hearing ability were measured.

6
Cortisol Remained Level With Increased Exposure
  • Possible reasons for this
  • Fish became accustom to the noise.
  • Ear was damaged from increased sound during
    longer tests.

7
Measuring Hearing Ability in Fish.
  • Auditory brainstem response technique Performed
    0, 1, 4, 11, 18 days following exposure.
  • Used Auditory Brainstem Response technique

8
Auditory Brainstem Response
9
Results
  • No correlation was found between duration of
    sound exposure and blood cortisol levels.
  • There was a significant shift in the fishs
    ability to detect sound following exposure.

10
Effects of Exposure
  • Increased exposure ? increased recovery

Smith, 2003
Maximum Temporary Threshold Shift was after 24h
of exposure
11
Reason for maximum damage after 24hours
  • Hearing repair cycle caused hearing impairment
    immediately following prolonged exposure.
  • Also explains shorter fixed recovery time.
  • Experimenter Error
  • Smaller tanks were used for short term tests.
  • Fish were closer to speaker

12
Further Study.
  • Test results with more natural anthropomorphic
    sounds.
  • Removes fishs ability to acclimate to white
    noise.
  • Compare to white noise to see if masking
    irregular noises decreases stress.
  • Long term study TTS recovery times
  • No long term study has been performed documenting
    possible permanent affect of loud noises on
    hearing.

13
References
  • Agriculture Canada. 2005. Fishing Industry
    Overview. http//atn-riae.agr.ca/seafood/industry-
    e.htm (March 7, 2006)
  • Juniata College. 2005. Fish Lab.
    lthttp//faculty.juniata.edu/yohn/fish_lab.htmgt
    (March 7, 2006)
  • Kenyon, T.N., F. Ladich, H.Y. Yan,. 1998. A
    comparative study of hearing ability in Fishes
    the auditory brainstem response approach
  • Smith, M.E., A.S. Kane, A.N. Popper. 2003.
    Noise-induced stress response and hearing loss in
    goldfish (Carassius auratus). J.Exp.Bio.
    207427-435
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