Ear

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Chapter 13

• Ear

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Function of the Ear

• The two functions of the ear are to hear and to
  provide the sense of balance. The ear is made up
  of three parts the external ear, the middle ear,
  and the inner ear. We hear because sound waves
  vibrate through the ear where they are
  transformed into nerve impulses that are then
  carried to the brain.

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Anatomy of the Ear
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The Middle Ear
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Ear

• external ear
• auricle (pinna) located on both sides of the
  head
• external auditory meatus short tube that ends at
  the tympanic membrane

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Ear (contd)

• middle ear
• tympanic membrane (eardrum) semitransparent
  membrane that separates the external auditory
  meatus and the middle ear cavity
• eustachian tube connects the middle ear and the
  pharynx
• ossicles bones of the middle ear that carry
  sound vibrations

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Ear (contd)

• labyrinth (inner ear)
• cochlea snail-shaped and contains the organ of
  hearing connects to the oval window in the
  middle ear
• semicircular canals and vestibule contain
  receptors and endolymph that help the body
  maintain its sense of balance
• mastoid bone and cells located in the skull bone
  behind the external auditory meatus

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Combining Forms for the Ear

• acou/o, audi/o
• aur/I, aur/o, ot/o
• labyrinth/o
• mastoid/o
• myring/o
• staped/o
• tympan/o

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Helpful Information
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Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts

• labyrinthitis
• mastoiditis
• myringitis
• otalgia

• otomycosis
• otopyorrhea
• otosclerosis
• tympanitis

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Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built From Word
Parts

• acoustic neuroma
• Menieres disease
• otitis externa
• otitis media (OM)
• tinnitus
• vertigo

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Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts

• mastoidectomy
• myringoplasty
• myringotomy
• tympanoplasty

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• (tympanic membrane) / cv / (incision)

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Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts

• acoumeter
• audiogram
• audiometry
• otoscope
• otoscopy
• tympanometer
• tympanometry

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• (hearing) / cv / (measurement)

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Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts

• audiologist
• aural
• otologist
• otology
• otorhinolaryngologist (ENT)

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Abbreviations

• AOM
• EENT
• ENT
• OM

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Plural Endings English Language

• Plurals are formed in the English by adding
• -s, -es, or -ies at the end of a word.
• Examples
• Singular Plural
• dog dogs
• fox foxes
• canary canaries

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Plural EndingsMedical Language

• Plurals are formed in medical language by using
  the English plural endings, especially for terms
  originating from modern language however, terms
  built from Greek and Latin word parts are formed
  by using Greek and Latin plural endings.

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Plural EndingsMedical Language (contd)

• Latin suffixes
• Examples
• Singular Plural
• fimbria fimbriae
• thorax thoraces
• appendix appendices
• diverticulum diverticula
• bronchus bronchi
• testis testes

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Plural EndingsMedical Language (contd)

• Greek suffixes
• Examples
• Singular Plural
• adenoma adenomata
• spermatozoon spermatozoa
• larynx larynges
• metastasis metastases

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Convert the following terms to plural

• thrombus
• staphylococcus
• alveolus
• testis
• ovum
• pharynx
• carcinoma
• thorax