Recordkeeping

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Record-keeping Animal Identification

• Rick Rasby
• Beef Specialist
• University of Nebraska

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Definitions for your consideration

• Traceability Ability to determine an animals
  location at any time from birth to harvest.
• Verification Independent documentation of any
  of the following
• Age
• Birth date
• Sex
• Identification
• Health/treatment history
• Ownership
• Location
• Source

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Cow/Calf Production Records

• Tailor records to meet your needs
• Collect enough information to identify problems
• Record-keeping requires time and commitment
• Data must be gathered on a consistent basis
• To make meaningful comparisons
• Computer record-keeping programs to keep
  individual cow records
• Commercial programs must be
• Easy to use
• Have good support
• Be Standardized Performance Analysis (SPA)
  approved
• Data can be compared to others calculations
  standardized

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Cow/Calf Production Records

• If you keep individual records you will need
• Permanent ID
• Freeze or hot iron number brand
• Bangs tag
• Tattoo
• RFID usually button not 100 retained
• Retinal imaging
• Will need both visual and permanent
• Ear tags are not permanent good visual

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Permanent Identification thoughts

• Make it simple
• Be able to determine the animals age with your
  system
• May need to include the international letter
  numbering sequence for year in your system
• 2005 R 2006 S 2007 T

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Record-keeping for commercial cow/calf enterprise

• Permanent
• Meet your needs
• Be able to track individuals
• If computerized
• SPA methods used

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Animal Identification

• A national animal identification for all food
  animals and livestock
• USDAs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
  (APHIS)
• Objective
• Voluntary System of Animal Identification
• New verbage 100 adoption (Mandatory??)
• Goals
• All animals identified
• Use radio-frequency identification technology
• Use technology that lends to 48 our trace-back of
  a disease, Food Animal Disease (FAD) outbreak
• Side Benefits
• a. Food safety assurance domestic and export
• b. Global market access livestock and beef
  products

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Animal Identification

• USAIP United States Animal Identification Plan
• The plan is to be facilitated by APHIS and is a
  multi specie plan to be implemented in 3 phases
• Phase I development of a premise ID system
• Phase II Individual or group/lot identification
  for interstate and intrastate commerce
• Phase III Retrofitting processing facilities,
  markets, and other industry segments with the
  appropriate technology that will enable tracking
  the movement of animals through the different
  production segments to protect and improve the
  health of the national herd

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Key milestones to implement the NAIS Plan

• States push to complete
• Premises registration
• 25 premises registered
• Individual animal IDed
• Continue to build awareness

• States push to complete
• Premises registration
• 70 premises registered
• Individual animal IDed
• 40 animals identified

January 2008

• NAIS program
• 100 premises registered
• 100 of new animals IDed
• 60 animals under 1 yr of age complete movement

January 2009

• States establish Premises ID Systems
• Begin premises registration
• Animal ID system be operational
• Build program awareness

July 2005
January 2007
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What is Radio Frequency ID?

• Sister technology to barcodes
• Radio waves vs light waves
• Reads through non-metallic materials
• Does not require line-of-sight
• Withstands harsh environments

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Performance for RFID Transponders

• Read rate
• Read distance
• Read failure
• Life of the transponder

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Individual Animal Identification

• What equipment does an electronic tracking system
  require?
• Electronic ear tags ISO approved (all readers
  can read tags) - 1.50 - 3.00
• Reader hand-held portable or permanent mounted -
  1200 - 3000
• Data Accumulator computer personal digital
  assistant (PDA), EID-capable scale head - 400 -
  3,000
• Software to allow data input easier the better
  -
• Data storage
• Secure, guarantee privacy
• Provider - verifiable, auditable track along
  food-chain
• You can access your data anytime via the web
• Can use data for management up- and down-load
  anytime

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Characteristics of RFID Tag

• Tamper proof one-time use
• Retention rate - lt 1 loss/yr
• Durability of material
• Placement of RFID tag
• Left ear
• Cost - 1.50 - 3.00 per tag
• Nested tag
• eid visual - 5.00 per set

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ID Responsibilities and Reporting

• Applying the RFID tag
• By current owner
• Before cattle are moved to a new premises,
  co-mingled
• Reporting
• Movement reported to data base w/n 24 hours
• Reported by person or premises receiving the
  animals
• Seller may want to report also reduce liability

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ISO Standards

• ISO 11784 Represents the data numeric structure
  of the 64 bit (character code for electronic
  animal transponders)
• ISO 11785 Describes the accepted protocol for
  transmission between the reader/scanner and the
  transponder (tag). The standard consists of two
  transmission protocols, half-duplex (HDX) and
  full-duplex (FDX-B)

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Individual Animal Tracking Between Premises
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Components of an Electronic ID (RFID) System

Transponder receives signal
Transponder is charged with enough energy to send
back an identifying response
Reader broadcasts signal through antenna

Software Decision Making
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Challenges/Issues RFID

• Environment
• Read range

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Shared Responsibilities

• State responsibilities
• Define premises
• Premises registration
• Record and maintain intra-state movements
• Record and forward inter-state movements
• USDA responsibilities
• Maintain premises allocator and database
• Maintain individual identification allocator
• Maintain inter-state movement data base
• Register non-participating venders
• Stockyards, vet clinics, cattle accumulating
  points for shipping

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So Why are things moving so slowly on National
ID Plan?????

• Cost how will the effort be funded
• Confidentiality of data
• Freedom of Information Act (FOI)
• Federal government has database
• Liability
• Flexibility
• Producer cant access information
• for personal use old system

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USDA Opts For Privately Held ID Database August
2005

• USDA unveiled this week its guiding principles
  for the development of a public/private
  partnership that "enables the private sector to
  maintain animal movement data as part of the
  National Animal Identification System (NAIS)."
  The four guiding principles are
• The system must be able to track animals from
  point of origin to processing within 48 hours
  without unnecessary burden to producers and other
  stakeholders.
• The system's architecture must be developed
  without unduly increasing the size and role of
  government.
• The system must be flexible enough to utilize
  existing technologies and incorporate new ID
  technologies as they develop.
• Animal movement data should be maintained in a
  private system that can be readily accessed when
  necessary by state and federal animal health
  authorities.
• USDA plans a stakeholder meeting later this year
  to discuss expectations for the private tracking
  system, user requirements and system
  specifications. For more on NAIS, visit
  www.usda.gov/nais.

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National Cattlemens Proposed Animal ID system

• Grassroots driven
• Voluntary
• Non-profit consortium house the data
• One single data base for beef industry
• Commercial data bases send needed to this data
  base
• Not a profit center for NCBA
• Connect to allow APHIS 24/7 access to only
  information they need
• Flexibility health official and owner access
• NAIS can be access by health officials only
• A producer may want provide information to a
  buyer
• October 1, 2005 data base infrastructure
  completed and ready to test

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U.S. Animal Identification Organization (USAIO)

• Nonprofit, independent consortium
• Beef cattle and bison represented
• Other livestock species to join
• Other players
• ViaTrace LLC and Microsoft Corp
• Have a multi-specie animal tracking database
• Records animal movement from origin to harvest
• Confidential
• Cost-effective
• Easy for producers to operate
• Will plug into other databases that are tracking
  animal movement breed associations
• Will provided needed information for 48 hr
  trace-back

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Quality and Source Verification

• QSA Quality System Assessment
• Auditable trail that documents specifics
• Age
• Individual birth dates
• Record beginning and end of calving
  season/breeding season
• Birth date of first calf born
• Source
• Depends on market that you are targeting
• http//www.ams.usda.gov/lsg/arc/qsap.htm
• Lists current USDA approved QSAs
• Mostly packers, feedlots, some independent
  companies
• Certified , independent 3rd party verification

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Quality and Source Verification

• PVP- Processed Verified Program
• Auditable trail that documents specifics
• Certified, independent 3rd party verification
• Example - AngusSource
• Genetics
• Source ranch of origin
• Calf Age (not all PVP programs require age)
• Health program
• Month, day, year birth date of the oldest calf
  in the group
• http//www.processverified.usda.gov
• Listing of currently approved PVP

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Final thoughts

• Massive educational undertaking!
• Think long-term trends in short-term steps!
• Electronic identification will streamline record
  keeping effort
• Private companies
• Software, data management, data storage
• Many www.drovers.com 58 companies
• Drovers, August 2005 issue

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http//animalid.aphis.usda.gov/nais/index.shtml
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Beef website at http//beef.unl.edu Technologies
Website at http//www.beefstockerusa.org US
Animal Identification Plan Website http//www.usa
ip.info