Global%20Economy,%20%20Extreme%20Poverty%20and%20Global%20Warming

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Global Economy, Extreme Poverty and Global
Warming

• Dr. Sandra Cruz-Pol
• Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering
• CLiMMATe Lab Director and UPRM-PI for the Center
  for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the
  Atmosphere
• Fall 2006

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Global Economy

• Why does it helps to enhance global economy, not
  only on a specific country but the whole world?
• Examples in history
• Relation to global warming
• Relation to extreme poverty

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Economic Divide
1800
Sachs, 2005
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GNP per capita
purchasing power parity
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Poverty Trap Clinical Economics

• Physical Geography
• Arid conditions, high transport cost, isolation,
  mountain ranges, lack of navigable rivers,
  disease, climate
• Cultural Barriers
• Role of women, ethic minorities, education
• Geopolitics war, trade barriers, sanctions, debt
• Lack of technology
• Closed market
• gtCountries too poor to develop
• gtNeed to hop onto 1st step of economic ladder

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Sostenibility
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Why countries like England flourished?

• Open market
• Island- used to navigation, trading
• Technology- coal, steam engine
• Weather not prompt for disease, mosquitoes
• Education
• Basic needs Nutrition, Health, Water
• Infrastructure

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China India

• Certain conditions helped these 2 countries
  flourish economically. Usually Green Revolution
  follows technological growth.
• India invested in education Indian Institutes
  of Technology, now paying off now a world IT
  leader.
• Was an English colony until 1947.
• Began economic reforms in 1991 (Open Market)

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China India

• China growing economic rate (9!) in the World,
  after it opened to global trading.
• Ancient civilization. Past technology leader,
  until 1400s.
• 1434 Ming emperor closes international trade,
  dismantled worlds largest fleet of ocean
  vessels.
• Japan invasion 1937. Mao Tse-tung 1949- 1976.
• Market reforms began 1978.

Global Warming coal , oil
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Why is Africa an exception?

• Too much Corruption
• Laziness of people
• Sexually active AIDS
• Bad land-use

---------------------------------Myth1 Truth
Less corrupted ----------------------------Myth2
Truth Backbreaking labor ------------------------
----------Myth3 Truth Equal or less
-----------------------Myth4 Truth Global
warming
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Lake Chad

• Was the 6th largest lake in the World!
• A study by U. Wisconsin-Madison and NASA's EOS,
  the lake is now 1/20th of the size it was 35
  years ago.
• W. Africa (Chad, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon), the
  region has suffered from an increasingly dry
  climate, experiencing decline in rain since early
  1960s.

We are causing Extreme poverty in Africa due to
our emissions which accounts for 25 of all world
emissions compared to Africas 3.
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Why is Africa an exception?

• Geography
• Disease prompt weather malaria
• Vast regions with no navigable rivers
• Sparsely populated
• Lack of infrastructure roads, bridges, etc.
• Lack of health systems
• Years of exploitation
• Political reasons frontiers set by Europeans,
• Huge external debt
• Global warming due to developed world emissions

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We can banish extreme poverty ,

• yet 8 million people die each year because they
  are too poor to survive. , J.Sachs, The End of
  Poverty
• With only 70/person/year for 5 years, we can
  help poor countries be self-sustained! (0.21
  daily)
• Currently, U.S. gives 15/pp/yr.

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Charities help provide the basics
foodmedicinesvaccineseducation shelterclean
water
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Examples of Charities Total Revenue (mil) Fundraising Efficiency () Donor Dependency ()
CARE USA 587 89 85
Feed the Children 570 91 99
Food for the Hungry 77 95 99
Food for the Poor 465 96 99
Habitat for Humanity International 773 84 77
International Aid 37 97 101
MAP International (medicines) 161 99 118
Save the Children Federation 246 87 92
United States Fund for UNICEF 247 91 103
World Vision 685 87 92
Source forbes.com
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World's governments committed to provide 0.7 of
rich-countries' gross domestic product (GDP) to
Official Development Assistance. First pledged
35 years ago in a 1970 General Assembly
Resolution, has been affirmed many times over
the years, including the 2002 Monterrey Consensus.
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Extreme poverty

• UN Millennium Project GOALS
• (www.unmillenniumproject.org)
• Half extreme poverty by 2015
• Aims to end extreme poverty by 2025
• What is extreme poverty?
• Versus relative poverty?

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MP Goals

• Significant progress1990 2002
• Average overall incomes increased by 21
  percent.
• The of people in extreme poverty declined by an
  estimated 130 million.
• Child mortality rates fell from 103 to 88 deaths
  per 1,000 live births a year.
• Life expectancy rose from 63 to 65 years.
• An additional 8 of the developing world's people
  received access to water.
• And an additional 15 acquired access to improved
  sanitation services.

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Why bother?
--------------------------------------------------
---------Another Myth!

• Less poor abroad means more poor here.
• Hard evidence has established strong linkages
  between extreme poverty abroad and the threats to
  national security.
• Better global economy provides new technologies
  developed in a diverse world. More products for
  everyone.
• Eliminating extreme poverty is a global
  responsibility that will have global benefits
• Money spent on war instead could go to help the
  poor be self-sustained, to new technologies to
  stop global warming.
• This is the only way to achieve Global Peace

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Poverty - a conflict generating factor

• There is a close relation between poverty and
  internal conflict. Norwegian University of
  Science and Technology (NTNU), 2001

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Global Warming

• World before Industrial revolution, 1800
• CO2 level low lt280ppm.
• No fossil fuel emissions (oil, coal, gas).
• Radiative transfer yielded thermodynamic global
  climate equilibrium for the last 100,000 years
• We had a comfortable blanket
• Now we have a huge blanket
• made of heat-trapping, heat-emitting IR
  greenhouse gases.

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A report by economist Sir Nicholas Stern suggests
that global warming could shrink the global
economy by 20!
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Global Warming
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• http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/sci_nat/04/c
  limate_change/html/climate.stm

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CO2 in the atmosphereYears 1960-2000
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CO2 in Atmosphere Years 1000 -2100
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Earths Surface Temperature Years 1000 -2100
How hot it ultimately gets depends on us.
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Global average temperatureYears 1860-2000
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Consequences

• Polar caps melt
• Sea level rise
• Extreme temperatures
• Cyclones/tornadoes
• Drought / floods
• Disease
• Agriculture losses
• Water (potable) scarcity
• Extinction of animal species, corals, vegetation
• Worst case scenario stop ocean conveyor belt

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Kilimanjaro (Tanzania, Africa)
30 years later
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Patagonia (Argentina)Longest Glacier in S.A.
1928 2004
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Costa Rica

• First official lost species due to Global
  warming
• golden toad
• Female Male

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Hurricanes

• 10 hottest years ever, occurred in the last 14
  yrs.
• Hottest of all time, 2006.
• 2004 1st hurricane ever in the S. Altantic Ocean
• 2005 highest of hurricanes,
• most intense, 6 Greek letters
• 2005 Wilma strongest hurricane ever recorded AO
• Then
• 2006 Monica strongest hurricane ever recorded
• Luckily, this year, El Niño decreases hurricanes

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Icebergs with caves broken food chain
60 of krill population killed because of this.
Krill are small shrimp-like crustaceans
zooplankton, food for baleen whales, mantas,
whale sharks, seals, and a few seabird species
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Worst case scenario abrupt changeIPCC
(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
Due to change in salinity, if Artic keeps
melting, this current could stop, creating a
small ice age in Europe and North America.
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On top of this

• New blooming economies want to live their own
  version of the American Dream.

Example in China, the traditional bicycle lane
was closed to lay way to an extra automobile
lane. India is now also flourishing economically
and greatly increasing their CO2 emissions.
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Also Political Issues

• Oil industry interests,
• Lobbyists
• Governments covering up scientific evidence
• (e.g. NASA climatologist, Jim Hansen)
• Real cost of Nuclear energy
• versus cost of clean energy like solar or wind
• Health hazards, radioactive waste deposit

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Potential Solutions

• Reduce CO2 emissions
• Reduce energy consumption
• Alternative green power solar, wind
• Reforestation
• Increase fuel efficiency e.g. fuel cell, hybrid
  cars
• Scientific propositions
• CO2 sequestration
• Inject sulfur in stratosphere
• Distribute iron oxide to SA ocean
• Emission trading- Kyoto Protocol
• Signed by 135 nations to reduce emissions.
• Not signed by U.S. or Australia!, the 2 nations
  with the highest emissions.

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The Good News is

• We can make a difference

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Weve done it before! Ozone Layer Montreal
Protocol's ban on CFCs

• For years, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were the
  agents--contributing to the destruction of the
  Earth's ozone layer.
• After the Montreal Protocol's ban on CFCs,
  slightly-more benign HCFCs replaced them..

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More Good News

• You can save over 2,000 every year while helping
  the planet!

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Top 16 Things Save with NO initial cost

• Turn off (or even better, unplug) appliances
• (consider a power strip), cord instead of
  cordless phones
• Turn off water faucet,
• shower not baths, flow
• change shower head
• Clean air-conditioning filters
• Tune-up car, keep balanced,
  Accelerate minimum only
• MPG

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• Turn down Water heater, and air
  conditioner
• Use sheets instead of blankets
• Turn off PC, printers, when not using
• Use Laptop instead of PC
• Use cold water for washing cloths!
• Hang clothes if possible
• Use dishwasher only when full
• Wash by hand if possible

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• Eating habits
• Eat less meat (less methane)
• Eat local products
• Plant trees
• They also lower house T in summer,
• They reduce CO2
• Car pooling, walking or biking
• Avoid sanitary dishes/napkins
• Both styrofoam or paper

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• Buy products with least packaging
• Large family packs
• Gift bags instead of wrapping
• Water bottles! ?

Packaging and clean water production needs a lot
of energy and releases tons of CO2 in the
atmosphere annually.
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• Be a wise consumer
• Buy less
• Give away things you not longer use.

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• Recycle!
• (plastic, paper, cardboard, cans, glass)
• Email your senators, government officials
• Sign petition at www.undoit.org
• Sign petition at climatecrisis.org

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Top 10 Things Save with some initial cost

• You will recover the initial costs quickly and at
  the same time, reduce emissions greatly.
• Consider solar water heater
• Replace light bulbs with coiled fluorescent

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Top 10 (cont)

• Consider new appliances with Energy Star

Not all new appliances are efficient.
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Top 10 (cont)
Transportation accounts for 67 of oil used!

• Consider buying a small car or a Hybrid,
• Use public transportation
• Eat organic products (better health, less Br)
• Consider wind or solar power
• Use silicone or dark baking pans Bake T-25oF
• Use reusable plastic or cloth coffee filter
• Use rechargeable batteries

Green means its also good for your HEALTH.
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Small changes, make a big difference
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In summary

• ave Money, improve your Health, Save the Planet!

We can also help the extreme poor is our moral
responsibility.
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With your helpwe can save the World!
We are ONE human race we only have
ONE planet.
Lets use its resources efficiently so that we
can all benefit from it.

• Teachers have the power to
• touch the lives of many homes Use it!

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Take action!
Right steps 0.7GDP green energy
End Extreme Poverty
Stop Global Warming
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Book References

• The End of Poverty by Jeffrey Sachs
• Weather Makers by Tim Flannery
• An Inconvenient Truth by Al Gore
• The World is Flat by Thomas Friedman
• Global Warming by Chris Spence
• Pathologies of Power, Paul Farmer
• Mini Atlas of Global Development, The World Bank
• Economics of Climate Change, Sir Nick Stern

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Web References

• www.nasa.gov
• www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalwarming
• www.povertymap.net
• www.unmillenniumproject.org
• www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk
• www.noaa.gov
• www.borgenproject.org
• www.unicef.org
• www.energyhog.org FUN!! (PC games)

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This presentation can be found at

• http//ece.uprm.edu/pol/outreach