Potential of Solar Energy

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Europe India Chamber of Commerce (EICC)- Europe
meets India Challenges and Opportunities
Brussels 9th October 2006

• Potential of Solar Energy
• in India
• to
• Achieve Energy Security
• BY
• DR. PRABHU KULKARNI
• Soltech UK Limited
• Belfast, N. IRELAND
• E-mail prabhu.kulkarni_at_ireland.com

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Brussels 9th October
2006 Prabhu Kulkarni

• Solar PV energy applications outside India
• Opportunities for India to
• Leapfrog technology,
• Achieve energy security and
• Create high employment
• Considerable saving in import of oil and
• generate exports and employment as good as, if
  not better, than the ICT sector
• How it is done in the world

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar Energy
Potential Kwh/m2 energy availability from
the Sun Prabhu Kulkarni
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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities
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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities

• Germany Solar Data
• No. of Sunny days/year 95
• Highest daytime temp. 22-280C
• Lowest daytime temp. 2-60C
• Solar insolation kwh/m2 1050-1200
• PV electricity 2005 (MW) 837 MW

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Brussels 9th October
2006 Prabhu Kulkarni

• Germany's PV market installations grew 53 to 837
  Megawatt in 2005, corresponding to 57 of the
  world market so far
• Japan produced 167 MW and the USA, mostly
  California, produced 102.2 MW PV energy
• Total EU production of PV energy in 2005 was 1070
  MW

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Total Installed Capacity in EU
countries in 2004
In 2004 installed capacity of solar PV in the EU
countries is higher than India. Most European
countries have about 80 to 100 sunny days in a
year EU Total 1010.13 MW Germany
798.00 MW Netherlands 49.08 MW Spain
37.70 MW Italy 30.70 MW Rest
EU 50.95 MW India 45.00 MW
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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities

• India has ideal solar conditions for applications
  of PV technology nearly similar to California,
  Spain and Australia and far better than Germany
• India needs a political will to introduce
  attractive incentive package for renewable energy
  projects and to engage thriving middle classes
  and innovative businesses in this technology

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities

• It appears that the planners in India view solar
  energy only as a solution to rural or remote area
  electrification
• All forms modern renewable energy sources,
  including Solar energy, are difficult to use in
  rural India due to
• high initial investments and
• dependence on storage for the night use and lack
  of grid connections as a back-up system
• However involvement of prosperous middle classes
  and enterprising business community in Solar
  energy applications will transform the Indian
  renewable energy sector

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities

• Solar Data
  India Germany
• No. of Sunny days/year 300-320
  95
• Highest daytime temp. 35-480C
  22-280C
• Lowest daytime temp. 10-250C
  2-60C
• Solar insolation kwh/m2 1900-2100
  1050-1200
• PV electricity 2005 (MW) 55 MW
  837 MW

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities

• Total installed PV capacity in 2004 in India was
  45 MW
• This mostly covers small applications like
  motorway phones, solar cookers, solar lanterns
  and street lights
• A handful of large scale applications are of 25
  to 200 kW capacity
• There are no commercial scale applications
  similar to USA, Japan or EU

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities

• 20 to 30 Urban Indians use about 80 of the
  commercial energy produced in India
• Nearly all of this urban population posses a
  back-up diesel generators of varying capacity or
  domestic invertors to reduce impact of power
  shedding and irregular power cuts

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities London, - City Hall goes
solar- September 14, 2006

• Londons City Hall has been granted planning
  permission to install state-of-the art
  photovoltaic solar panels generating
  non-polluting energy
• Southwark Council has approved the planning
  application for a unique photovoltaic system,
  which has been specially designed to compliment
  the rounded shape of the Foster and Partners
  designed building
• The panels will provide 70 kW of renewable
  energy, generating 3.1 million kWh of renewable
  electricity over their lifetime. The panels will
  reduce the CO2 emissions of City Hall by 3,000
  tonnes in its lifetime

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities WORLDS Mega PV ENERGY PROJECT-
Germany

• August 5, 2006
• City Solar Constructs 20 Megawatts of PV Systems
  in Spain- Bad Kreuznach, Germany
• 200 individual installations producing 100 KW
  each- overall capacity of 20 MW The solar park
  will be completed by late summer 2007
• Overall area of 500,000 m2, equal to the size of
  71 football grounds almost 100,000
  polycrystalline modules will be installed to
  provide annually about 30 million KWh SP power

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities How do they do it?

• The EU, US, and Japan experience suggest that
  growth in use of renewable energy is higher in
  those states that offer better incentives such as
  grants, subsidies and tax reduction

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities German Energy Act 2000

• In 2002 the purchase price of solar PV energy to
  producers was fixed at O.48/kWh with an annual
  reduction of 5
• Every single unit of PV electricity produced is
  counted as a grid connected unit and paid
  accordingly
• Similar to Germany a number of other EU
  countries, with a successful renewable energy
  industry, have introduced incentives for solar
  energy projects, latest is the France in August
  2006

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities German Solar Energy initiatives

• Between 1998 and 2003 the German Government
  offered 1.4 billion in grants and soft loans and
  tax cuts to the renewable energy industries and
  users in Germany
• This attracted 6.2 billion private investment
• Created RE energy with annual turnover of 9.2
  billion and over 135,000 jobs in Germany
• In 2005 the German domestic and commercial PV
  installation increased by 53

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities German Renewable Energy Act 2000

• Obligations on Grid operators
• They must provide a connect facility and give to
  the Producers of Renewable Energy, a priority in
  their operation
• Pay fixed rates for the renewable energy higher
  than the rates paid to the conventional energy
  suppliers, and
• Pay the cost of grid expansion that may be
  required

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities 2006 California Solar energy
initiatives- No 2 in World

•  
• California initiative of February 2006, is
  expected to increase rooftop solar PV installed
  peak time capacity to 3,000 MW in the next ten
  years
• An investment of US 2.9 billion is expected
  create 40,000 to 60,000 new skilled jobs and will
  benefit the Californian economy by 18-20 billion
  annually

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities 2006 California Solar energy
initiatives

• The main provisions are that
• for every watt of solar PV installed, the
  customer will receive 2.8 refund
• This amounts to about 40-45 of the installation
  cost
• Average electricity requirement of a California
  residence is about 3-5kw installed capacity
• The rebate will be reduced by 10 annually and
  will end in ten years  

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities 2006 California Solar energy
initiatives

• There is cap of 2000 for residential customers,
  There is no cap on the existing tax credits for
  the commercial customers
• A typical commercial PV installation is about
  300- 500 kW
• They will qualify for a combined benefit of
  subsidy and tax credit equal to about 60-70
  refund on investments

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities 2006 California Solar energy
initiatives

•  
• All domestic and commercial customers are
  eligible to participate and 10 funding is set
  aside for the low income customers
• The Programme web site www.cpuc.ca.gov

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Florida Incentives for new solar
program

• 100 million fund will be available to
  Businesses, non-profit organizations and
  residential customers as a rebates to install
  solar PV or thermal water heating
• It establishes an initial rebate level of 4/W
  declining by 50/ year
• The starting rebate level will increase to 5/W
  for panels manufactured Florida
• Maximum rebates is 20,000 for residential
  customers and 100,000 for commercial and non-
  profits organisations

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Phoenix Arizona - September 23,
2005

• Arizona (CPP) scheme
• customers receive up to 4 /watt or up to 50
  percent of the PV installation cost for
  grid-connected systems and up to 2 per watt for
  off-grid systems without limit
• In addition customers receives up to 700 for
  solar water heating systems
• An additional 2 million are available for APS
  customers to install residential or commercial
  solar energy systems

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities UK Energy Act 2003

• The present UK Energy Act (2003) offers support
  similar to the best in the EU for Renewable
  energy projects
• The government has a target to reduce the UKs
  GHG emissions by 20 by 2012
• The benefit offered to investors in PV range
  between 40 and 60 grant to small and medium
  scale companies and up to 70 to private users
• The UK 2004 grants scheme is expected to increase
  growth in use of solar PV and thermal
  technologies to the EU level in the next ten years

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities

• Experience of Germany, Japan, USA and other
  Western Countries show that the solar technology
  is more suitable for commercialised major cities
  and urban areas
• Solar PV technology has potential in India to
  provide about 60 to 80 of energy needs during
  the day time and the peak hours
• SME businesses
• public and private organisations
• middle high income family homes

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities

• It appears that the planners in India view solar
  energy only as a solution to rural or remote area
  electrification
• All forms modern renewable energy sources,
  including Solar energy, are difficult to use in
  rural India due to
• high initial investments and
• dependence on storage for the night use and lack
  of grid connections as a back-up system
• However involvement of prosperous middle classes
  and enterprising business community in Solar
  energy applications will transform the Indian
  renewable energy sector

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities

• It is possible that with attractive incentives
  like Germany, EU or California
• Investment of US 3 billion we can release the
  economic potential of people to create a multi
  billion dollar industry to reduce fuel imports
  and satisfy increasing energy demands
• Like California India can also produce 3,000 MW
  of peak time electricity in urban areas
• This is equal to 2 or 3 Nuclear power plants
  which cost about 20 billion each

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities

• Recent MNES advertisement in the national papers
  for the soft loans to general public without
  conditions or restrictions of income is a step in
  the right direction
• If taken up by one million people in India then
  the government is likely save equilevallent about
  890,000 barrels of oil annually
• It is likely to result in an annual saving of
  about Rs. 260 Crore if oil price remain _at_ 65/b

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities

• Impact of German or California style incentive in
  India will be unimaginable
• Induction of about 3 billion in tax incentives,
  soft loans and grants to the educational
  institutions and government buildings and private
  users will transform energy consumption pattern
  in India
• One million homes in a year, using solar energy
  during the day will reduce Indias oil imports by
  over US 300 billion per year for over 30 years

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities

• It will generate exports and employment as good
  as, if not better, than the ICT sector
• Create a hundreds of thousands of jobs in
  component manufacturing
• System installation and service industry
• Earn substantial funds in carbon trading
• Create sizable export industry
• US proposes to create 2 million, EU plans over1
  million new job in this field by 2015 and Germany
  has created over 150,000

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Can we afford to neglect our Suryadev? Can we
afford to neglect our solar resources? Can we
achieve energy security so easily in any other
way ?
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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities 10 MW for rooftops of tire maker
Michelin- January, 2005

• German Voltwerk AG is building four PV systems
  with a total of 10 MW on tire manufacturer
  Michelin's production hall and warehouse
• The PV company sees the move as part of a trend
  away from systems on undeveloped areas and onto
  roofs
• -----------------------------------------
• Roof protection Protective mats are used to
  keep the roof watertight aluminium trays are
  weighted down with gravel to prevent modules from
  blowing away due to heavy winds.

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities 189 kWp Lehrter Central Railway
Station Berlin 2003 by Engcotec
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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Aerial view of 3.7 MW roof top
system

• BP Solar has completed construction solar power
  system on four warehouse roofs owned by the
  Fischer family in Kronwieden in Bavaria.

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities 70 MW PV power plant planned in
Germany - August, 2006

• In the 1930s and '40s the German Air Force
  experimented on this site later, it was occupied
  by the Red Army
• Now solar energy is the future at the Brandis
  airfield near Leipzig
• construction will start this year and be finished
  by 2009

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities

• Football stadium Freiburg, Germany

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities BIPV on Commercial Building-
Freiburg, Germany
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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities

• Potential

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Oakland, CA, USA FedEx
Californias Largest Corporate SPV
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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities 309kW SPV US Navy HQ in Hawaii,
USA
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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities155 kilowatt solar PV San Rafael,
CA, USA

• The Kentfield School District, with dedicate a
  155 kilowatt solar PV system for the elementary
  school campus in San Rafael, CA, USA
• It will provides 100 of its electric needs

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities A Company HQ in Vermont, USA
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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Florida's new solar program in
first year

• With its first PV incentive program since 2001,
  when this system was installed, Florida is once
  again trying to apply its nickname to its energy
  production.

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EICC-Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Brussels 9th October
2006

• 1 MW SPV in Switzerland

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities The newly renovated EAR Tower in
Pristina, Kosovo
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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities SBIPV on Commercial Building-
France,
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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Highway solar in Japan

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities BIPV IN Osaka Japan- Solar Watt,
Germany
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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Colt system, ECN building 31 in
Netherlands

• Colt system, ECN building 31 in Netherlands

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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Close up of Colt system in
Netherlands
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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities
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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities
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EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities
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